1 

,^1 '.1 



5033 SPECIAL REPORT 

Copy ^ 



CAPTAm GEORGE P. AHERN, 

NINTH U. S. INFANTRY, 



IN CHARGE OP 



FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, 



COVERING THE PERIOD 



FROM APRIL, 1900, TO JULY 30, 1901. 



OIVISION OF INSULAR AFFAUiS, 
War Department. 



WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTINCi OFFICE. 

1 9 i . 



\ 



i^ 



SPECIAL REPORT 



OF 



CAPTAIN GEORGE P. AHERN, 

NINTH U. S. INFANTRY, 



IN CHARGE OF 



FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, 



COVERING THE PERIOD 



FROM APRIL, 1900, TO JULY 30, 1901. 



\>.^ 



■^C^/^ DIVISION OF INSULAR AFFAIRS, 

"b ■' 

II ^lWaji Department. 



WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
1901. 



^ 



ft** 



OOl^TEI^TS. 



Page. 

Personnel 5 

Regulations 11 

Licenses 12 

Procedure and forms jirescribed by regulations and forms used in bureau 15 

Statement (by name) of licenses granted by forestry bureau: 

Timber 24 

Firewood 31 

Dyewood 33 

Rubber, etc 34 

Gratuitous 34 

Forestry regulations (General Order No. 92) 35 

Forests of the Philippine Islands 47 

Timber used in the Philippines from July 1, 1900, to April 30, 1901 49 

Private woodlands 50 

Prices of native timber 51 

Can the forests of the Philippines be devastated? 52 

Recommendations 54 

Statement of utilization of forest products 55 

Statistics of sums collected on forest products 55 

Native woods brought to market in the Philippine Islands 56 

Statement ( by provinces ) of licenses issued by forestry bureau _ 58 

Private woodlands registered in the Philippine Islands 59 

Geography and population in the Philippine Islands 59 

Illustrations Facing 60 

3 



SPECIAL REPORT 



FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



By Capt. George P. Ahern, Ninth United States Infantry, 
In charge of Bureau. 

War Department, 

Washinyton, D. C, July 30, 1901. 

Sir: Pursuant to instructions from the office of the Secretary of 
War, I have the honor to submit the following report of the opera- 
tions of the forestry bureau. Philippine Islands, from its organization 
in April, 1900. to the present date: 

The undersigned, at present on leave of absence, has been author- 
ized b}^ the Philippine Commission while in the United States to visit 
the forestry schools at Cornell, Yale, and Biltmore for the purpose of 
conferring with professors and students with the object of securing 
graduates of these schools for the Philippine forestry service, and 
was also authorized to have exhibited at Buffalo, N. Y., and later at 
the Agricultural Department at Washington, D. C, a collection of 
Philippine woods. 

The forestry bureau was organized h\ the undersigned pursuant to 
General Orders, No. 50, Office United States Military Governor in the 
Philippines. Manila, P. L, April li, 1900. A report detailing opera- 
tions of this bureau up to and including June 30, 1900, and one dated 
May of this year have been submitted to the governor of the Philip- 
pine Islands. 

PERSONNEL. 

The Spanish Government had inaugurated the forestrv service in 
1863, some three hundred and forty 3^ears after their occupation of the 
islands. The forestry officials were selected from the forestr}^ service 
of Spain, where a similar service had been started and a forestry 
school organized. The subordinate places in the service in the Philip- 
pines were partly filled l)y Filipinos, and at no time, up to the Ameri- 
can occupation in 1898, had a Filipino risen to any of the higher 
places in the service. This was due principally to the fact that none 
had taken the necessary course in the forestry school of Spain. 

After the undersigned took charge of this service, notices were sent 
to the former forestry officials to make application for service in the 
bureau if they so desired, such men, acquainted with the country, 
forest botany, people, language, and former regulations being consid- 



6 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

ered more useful in inaugurating this work than any official ol)taincd 
from other countries. A number of these officials presented them- 
selves, with their credentials, which consisted usually of diplomas from 
the Agricultural College of Manila, and a detailed history of their 
former service. None l)ut natives presented themselves, the Spanish 
foresters having returned to Spain, thus leaving" the islands without a 
single highly trained forester. The post-office addresses of 14 native 
foresters and lio rangers were taken for future reference, and these 
men were called upon as the service required. Authority w^as received 
to employ 4 foresters, 2 rangers, a stenographer, and a translator; 
the foresters at $100 and rangers at $50 Mexican per month. 

Under Spanish administration a force of 66 expert foresters and 64 
rangers, with 40 other subordinates as clerks, draftsmen, etc., formed 
the personnel of the forestry service. 

The headquarters for the service was established in the old Inten- 
dencia building", in Manila, where the archives of the former forestry 
service were gathered together. For the first few weeks the small 
force employed was engaged in arranging" these archives for future 
reference. The translator was employed in the translation of the 
former Spanish forestry regulations and public-land law^ in force at 
the time of the American occupation. A careful investig-ation of these 
archives failed to discover an^^ plans of exploitation, statistics of stand- 
ing timber, or forest surveys. These records consisted principally of 
applications for licenses, memoranda of revenues, private woodland 
registrations, and the ordinary official correspondence of the bureau. 
Upon inquiry of the former forestry officials it was learned that no 
plans of exploitation and no statistics of standing timber had been 
made. The forest zones had not been surveyed and reserved, as the 
last Spanish land law of 1893 had contemplated. 

In the course of a few months, authority was given to increase the 
force employed. As competent men presented themselves, and as con- 
ditions permitted, stations were established in the provinces. A for- 
estry service had lieen partially (organized by the insurgents, and this 
fact made it more difficult to obtain a sufficient force of competent 
men. On October 12 an act of the United States Philippine Civil 
Commission prescribed the following- personnel: One officer in charge; 
1 inspector, at $150 gold per month; 1 chief clerk, at $100 gold per 
month; 1 botanist, at $100 gold per month; 1 translator, at $100 gold 
per month; 1 law clerk, at $75 gold per month; 1 record clerk, at $75 
gold per month; 10 assistant foresters, at $50 gold per month; 30 
rangers, at $25 gold per month. Later in the year authority was 
received to employ 2 foresters from the United States, at a salary of 
$200 gold per nu^ith. A further addition to the foi"ce is contemplated 
which will add 4 foresters, at $200 per mont]i; 4 inspectors, at $150 per 
month; 20 rangers, at $25, and 2 clerks, at $50 per month. 

Owing to the disturbed conditions in the provinces, a disposition 
was shown by the native officials to avoid service beyond Manila. 

These men stated that they would be in considerable danger of vio- 
lence from insurgents, as their work very often took them from the 
vicinity of United States troops. As a matter of fact, two rangers 
disappeared, one of whom reappeared after a month's time and claimed 
that he had been captured by the insurgents and had l)ought his free- 
dom. The other disappeared in Februar}' of this yQnr and has not 
been heard of since. At times the native officials would receive threat- 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 7 

ening notices, antl us quite a number of natives friendly to Americans 
had been captured and murdered }),y the insurgents, these officials in 
the forestry service felt considerable alarm and could hardly be in- 
duced to inspect the rafts in the sul)urbs of Manila unless accompanied 
bj^ one of the American officials of the bureau. 

All applicants for admission to the service were required to show 
record of former service and good character. 

Before being- sent into the provinces, officials were given at least 
one month's training in Manila. Man}' of these men were found to be 
competent and anxious to render good service; some were found in- 
competent, untrustworthy, and negligent of their duties. During the 
year two assistant foresters and twelve rangers were discharged for 
cause, one translator resigned, and one ranger transferred to another 
branch of the civil service. As the service expanded, considerable 
difficulty was experienced in finding competent men. More than 50 
per cent of the officials of this service are at stations distant from 
Manila, and usually manage their offices and field work without assist- 
ants. 

All tim])er cut on public land is cut by license. Each shipment of 
forest products must l)e classified, measured, manifested, and orders of 
payment issued, all of which requires considerable training, inasmuch 
as 1()0 varieties of native tree species are received in the market, not 
to mention many varieties of dyewoods, gums, resins, etc., with all of 
which the official must be thoroughh' acquainted and able to promptly 
classify and appraise; this in addition to his duties in charge of the 
forests of his district, running his office, and instructing ignorant 
native loggers in the principal requirements of the forestry regula- 
tions. 

The demand for forest products during the past two je&vs has been 
so great in the Philippine Islands that men with the information just 
outlined were sought for by lumber companies and ofl'ered higher 
salaries than were given in the forestry service. Occasionall}^ these 
flattering ofiers would be made to the officials in the service, but as a 
rule the latter preferred to remain in the service and take their chances 
of advancement as the service grew. 

No forestry officials are permitted to receive any money (in addition 
to salar\") for forest products, for supervising papers, or for an}" cler- 
ical or other work rendered in the course of their duties. When pay- 
ment is to be made for forest products, an order of payment is issued 
b}^ the forestry official, which is taken by the owner of the shipment 
to the nearest internal-revenue office, and when the receipt for the 
payment is shown to the forestry official permission is given in writing 
to move the forest products. This written permit the man in charge 
of said forest products must carry with him until the destination of 
shipment is reached. Each log is stamped with the bureau mark when 
first inspected. 

A circular letter was sent to all important points in the islands 
requesting replies as to the extent and character of industries in the 
various localities in the line of forest products. Replies were received 
from all parts of the islands, which replies served as a guide in estab- 
lishing stations for forestry officials. The location of parties operat- 
ing under licenses to utilize forest products also served as a guide in 
establishing these stations. 

Forestr}^ officials are stationed near all important logging centers 



8 KEPOKT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

and are in constant touch with parties handlinj^ even small quantities. 
Each official in the provinces keeps a diary of his daily operations, a 
transcript of which is submitted to the office in Manila every fifteen 
days. In addition is submitted a sunnnary of forest products inspected 
by him during this period, the amount ordered paid into the internal- 
revenue office, and, finally, any observations he may consider necessary 
for the information of the central office. 

Each shipment of forest products is inspected, classified, and 
appraised by him, and each log is stamped with the bureau mark. A 
copy of the manifest made out at this time is sent to Manila, a dupli- 
cate copy being' given to the man in charge of the shipment. Upon 
arrival at its destination the forest product is again inspected and 
measured b}" a forestry official, and can not be disposed of until every 
requirement of the regulations is complied with. By this means a 
constant check is kept on all forest products taken from public and 
private lands. The manifest shows the name of licensee, location of 
cutting, the dimensions and value of each log cut, the name of the tree 
species, and a record of payment. This manifest appears at Manila 
shortly after the tree is felled. A glance at the manifest shows at 
once if the regulations are being followed. The restrictions as noted 
in the following articles act as a guaranty against any wholesale 
slaughter of timber, provided these regulations are enforced. At first 
some opposition was manifested to the many restrictions thrown 
around the licensees, but this opposition disappeared as they became 
better acquainted with the service and found that the double inspection 
of their shipments and the official papers did not delay the movement 
of their cargoes to market, as in the former administration. 

Art. 59. 1. Licenses to gather or utilize forest products in the state forests shall be 
granted by this office. 

2. Applications for said licenses must be delivered to the chief forestry official of the 
forest district or section, or to the district conunander, who shall forward .same to 
this office with the necessary indorsements of the forestry official of said district. 
In the application shall be stated the kinds of forest products desired, and the place 
where said products are to be gathered. 

.3. The gathering or utilization of forest products can be done only in the forests of 
the province specified in the license. If the concessioner should cut or gather forest 
products in the forests of any other province, said products shall be considered as 
unlawfully cut. 

4. No charge shall be made for licenses, nor for the authentication or making out 
of manifests. 

5. Reserved forests, and the species of trees the cutting of which is forbidden, will 
be noted in licenses for the information of the concessioner. The felling of trees of 
the superior and tirst groups, excepting ebony, camuning and lanetes, of a less diam- 
eter than 40 centimeters is absolutely prohil)ited. 

6. The felling in the state forests of trees from which caoutchouc, gutta-percha, 
and gum elastic are extracted is prohibited. 

7. The felling in the state forests of the ylang-ylang tree is prohibited. 

8. The utilization of forest products not specifically mentioned in these regulations 
shall l)e l)y license, and said utilization sliall be governed by special conditions, 
which may l)e ascertained upon jjresentatiun of application for a license to utilize 
said products. 

Akt. ()0. Whosoever cuts or removes timber or other forest products prohibited 
by otlicdal order, or cuts species tlie utilization of which is prohibited by special 
mention in the license, shall incur a penalty amounting to four times the value of 
the products. A copy of these regulations shall accompany each license. 

Art. 61. The concessioner must gather said forest product together and pile it in 
the district where cut or gathered, and not wdiere the cutting of timber or other 
utilization of forest products is forbidden. For any violation he shall incur a pen- 
alty of four times the value of the jjrotluct gathered. 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPl'lNE ISLANDS. 



9 



Art. 62. 1. The trees to l)e <'ut shall he selected and cut down close to the ground, 
care heing taken that no damage he done in falling to the adjacent trees. The con- 
cessioner shall compactly pile the hranchesof all trees felled, and place said hranches 
where the least damage shall be done to the younger growth. 

2. Forest products shall he transjiorted as far as possible by routes where there 
are few trees, avoiding as far as practicable the destruction of the younger growth. 

3. Concessioners shall be held responsible for any damage to the forests through 
failure to comply -with the above recjuirements. They shall also beheld responsible 
for violations of said regulations on the part of their representatives or their 
em)>loyees. 

Art. 63. AVhen the cutting or gathering of forest products has been finished, the 
concessioner shall notify in writing the nearest forestry otficial of the place where 
said product is deposited, the classes and amount of the same, and its destination. 

He shall also state if he has left any felled timber in the forest, and if so, the num- 
ber of trees and the classes. 

A forestry official shall verify the "statement" of forest products presented by the 
concessioner, examining and measuring the same. He will make out, in duplicate, 
the manifest for t'ach shi])ment, and give one copy of this to the concessioner. 

Art. 64. The concessioner shall not load, sell, nor use any forest product which 
has not been paid for, unless he has had express authority fiom the chief of the for- 
estry bureau, and has given a satisfactory guarantj' to that official. 

Stations have been established at the following places: 



Town. 


Province. 


Town, 


Province. 


Aparri 

Iloilo 


Cagayan. 
Panay. 
Pampanga. 
Benguet. 
Manila. 
Batangas. 
Zambales. 
Tarlac. 
Tayabas. 
Pampanga. 
Do. 






Guinavangan 


Tayabas. 




Laoag 


Ilocos Norte. 


Bagnio 


Legaspi 


Albav. 














Subig 

Tarlac 


Orani . 


Bataan. 


Cebu 


Cebu. 


Lagulmanoc 










Angele.s 







A number of other stations will be established in the near future, as 
conditions permit. 

As the service grows, more and more difficult}" is experienced in 
securing competent native officials. The Filipino knows nothing of 
estimating standing timber, selection of trees to be felled, or the pro- 
tection of the younger growth. These must be taught him by trained 
foresters from other countries. Although authority has been received 
by the undersigned to employ trained foresters in other countries, none 
have as yet been secured, with the exception of the two from the United 
States noted above. The two mentioned are not what we would call 
foresters, but are good, practical lumbermen and will render good 
service. We must look to tropical India and Java for trained men. 
A recent letter from Java informs this office that an offer of $200 gold 
per month will not induce any of their officials to enter our service, as 
thiMr trained men receive the following salaries: Foresters, from $130 
to $;>10 gold per month: ins])ectors, from $820 to $440 gold per month; 
chief inspectors, from $440 to $600 gold per month. 

The foresters of India are also very well paid, and, in addition, the 
forestry officials of all countries but ours have the prospect of retire- 
ment with pay after a certain number of years' service, or for disability. 
As a rule, the scientific forester has taken his degree before entering 
the forest school; then, after a course of between two and three years, 
he enters the lower ranks of the forestrv service in his country and 



10 KKPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, UHILIPl'INE ISLANI/S. 

has a well-paid position, with a prospect of retirement for disability 
or for age. Service in the Philippines involves some danger, not onl}^ 
from the pernicious fevers, but, at the present time, from insurgents. 
A forester from flava would not care to give up his life position for 
service in the Philippines with a prospect of disability and no govern- 
ment aid afterwards. We have here a vast virgin field for scientific 
investigation, which makes the l'hili[)i)ine Islands to-day one of the 
most attractive tields for original work, but the ol)iections noted al)ove 
deter many from entering the service. 

Many applications are being received from parties in the United 
States desiring to enter the forestry service. Very few applicants 
have had any training as foresters; some have been engaged in logging 
business and sawmills, and some apparently are anxious only for a 
change of scene. Others seek this service as a means of furthering 
schemes for future timber exploitation by priv^ate parties. Applicants 
residing in the United States are rex^juired to pass a civil-service exam- 
ination, prepared by the Bureau of Forestiy in Washington. Appli- 
cants in Manila are required to take a civil-service examination there. 

Two expeditions are in the field at present: One, consisting of an 
assistant forester and botanist, is in southern Mindanao investigating- 
the varieties and amount of native-tree species producing gutta-percha, 
rubl)er, and other gums; another party, consisting of a forester and 
assistant forester, is in the Camarines making a thorough investiga- 
tion of the timber on the tract of public land operated over by the 
largest lumber concern of the Philippine Islands. A forestry official 
is stationed permanently near the headquarters of this concern. A 
report from this expedition will inform this office of the amount and 
variety of timber standing in this tract, methods of felling and hauling, 
the condition of the younger growth, whether or not forestry regula- 
tions are strictly complied with; in fact, will report on all matters of 
interest to the forestry service. From previous reports from this same 
region we are led to believe that the cutting by this company is a mere 
thinning of the forest, and works an actual improvement of forest con- 
ditions, the annual growth on this tract being many times the volume 
extracted liy this company each year. At present this company is 
somewhat hampered ))y the loss of nearly all of their caral)aos, due to 
an epidemic of rinderpest which recently swept over the islands, carrj' - 
ing off many thousands, of these animals, which are the only source of 
transportation in the islands. 

The forestry official acting as collector for the bureau was s(Mit in 
January, VM)i, to Zamboango. province of Mindanao, to make a col- 
lection of the leaves, fruit, and flowers of the native-tree species found 
there. He returned in three months with 425 varieties of wood and 
leaf with the fruit and flower of many. This collection was made 
Avichin a very limited area in this province, and will give some idea of 
the problems to be solved by the forestry service when a small tract 
with several hundred tree species is to be prepared for the lumberman. 

A rational forestry policy will necessitate the felling of all trees by 
selection. This will be met by the objection of the lumbermen that 
there is no market for four or five hundred varieties of tree species 
thus selected. The duty of finding a market for such varieties 
devolves upon the forestry bureau. The furniture makers of America 
import \ast quantities of hardwood from Central and South America, 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 11 

aii'l in order to divert tlieir attention to the woods of the Philippines 
100 varieties of specially selected woods were recently gathered 
together and shipped to the Ignited States, where they will be placed 
on exhibition at Burt'aio. and later at the Department of Aoriculture 
in Wasliinuton. 

Anyone acquainted with American methods of lumbering, and espe- 
cially anyone from the lake regions of the Unitcnl States, will realize 
that if every tree for felling is not selected and rigid supervision of 
all logging operations not insisted upon, great and irremediable loss 
will result. Kigid supervision is indispensable and is only possible 
w hen thoroughly trained scientific men are employed. The existing 
regulations provide ample safeguards against forest devastation, but 
the inunediate need is for a trained corps of foresters to properly 
enforce these regulations. 

A forestry school should be organized as soon as possible, and the 
first foresters employed should give part of their time to the training 
of nati\c officials now in the service. In time specially qualified gradu- 
ates from colleges in the Philippines should be offered inducements to 
enter the forestry school and thus provide for the extension of the 
service. 

REGULATIONS. 

The Spanish forestry laws and regulations in force in August, 1898, 
were found to be excellent, practicable, and in line with similar laws 
and regulations of Europe, where the science of forestry has reached 
such a high state of perfection. These laws and regulations, up to the 
time of our occupation, had not been fully enforced and scientific for- 
estry not practiced, as the records and testimony of officials show. 

Under the Spanish administration licensees cut any and everything. 
Trees to l)e felled were not selected, no minimum size was prescribed, 
valual)le rubber and gutta-percha trees were felled, and the most val- 
uable woods used as firewood; in fact the officials began their work 
after the trees left the forest and not before. 

The Spanish, forestry regulations were translated and a new set 
compiled, based practically upon the old, but arranged in more com- 
pact form. Some changes were made, as will be noted below. Blank 
forms similar to the old are used, wdth some additions, nearly all of 
which are printed in Spanish with English notes. The regulations 
went into effect July 1, 1900. and were published in the form of a gen- 
eral order (No. 9i}) from the office of the United States military gov- 
ernor of the Philippine Islands, dated Manila, P. I., June 27,1900. 
These regulations have not been amended since publication. 

As soon as peace is thoroughly established in the islands and officials 
can work in the field without danger, data wdll be secured upon which 
to base a revision of the present regulations. However, the regula- 
tions as enforced at present seem to give general satisfaction. Several 
thousand copies were printed, both in Spanish and English, and sent 
to every part of the islands. At least one coi)v is sent with each license, 
and the attention of the licensee is drawn to the fact that the regula- 
tions must be followed. 

These regulations consist of 77 articU>s arranged in 5 chapters. 
Chapter 1 is entitled " Tarifi* on state timber and instructions for its 
application." In this chapter we find the tree species of the islands 



12 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

classitied into six gToiips, the unit of measure being- the cubic foot. 
The price per cul)ic foot for state timber is as follows : 

Number 
of varieties. 

Superior jiroup, 14 cents Mexican 15 

First t^roup, 10 cents Mexican 20 

Second j^roup, 8 cents Mexican 86 

Thiid jj;roup, 3 cents Mexican 133 

Fourth group, 2 cents Mexican 234 

Fifth group, 1 cent Mexican 33 

At present the timber is classitied and measured after it has been 
felled and piled. In appraising- the valuation of timber hewn on four 
sides, iJ.5 per cent is added for wood lost in hewing; sawed timber has 
15 per cent added; ebony has 2()0 per cent added, and camagon KM) per 
cent added. The wood of groups 8, 4, and 5 only will be cut for fuel, 
thus saving from felling for this purpose liJl tree species of higher 
grades. This restriction is noted on back of license. In the Spatush 
regulations the tree species were arranged in live groups, with a max- 
imum valuation of 6 cents per cubic foot. The present regulations 
set aside fifteen of the most valuable woods as a superior group and 
place a valuation on them of 11 cents per cubic foot; this price acts 
as a special protection for these valuable species and tends to divert 
the lum))ermen to other varieties at a lower rate. Some objection 
was raised to the increased valuation placed on forest products, but 
it has been found that the above valuation remains very close to 5 per 
cent of the present market price of timber in Manila. 

Chapter 3 is entitled '' Utilization of timber in the state forests," 
prescribes how timber should be felled and moved, and the procedure 
necessary before the licensee can take his product to market. 

Chapter 8 has to do with the g-ratuitous use of state timber. It pro- 
vides for the free use of timber ))y needy residents, and for timber for 
pul^lic works. 

Chapter 4 is entitled " Firewood for market.'' 

Chapter 5 contains provisions relating- to the extraction of gutta- 
percha and other gums. 

Chapter 6, general provisions. 

LICENSES. 

Licenses are issued by the officer in charge of the forestry service 
upon written application made either to the central office in Manila or 
to any of the forestry officials in the provinces. If application is made 
in the provinces, the forestry official sends the application to his imme- 
diate chief, with some recommendation as to the character and respon- 
sibility of the applicant. The indorsement also must approve or 
disapprove the application, with the reasons therefor. An applicant 
must state just what forest product he wishes to take from the public 
land, and must also specify the district where he wishes to operate. 
Under Spanish administration this district was usually a province. As 
a rule, during the last six months we have been contining 1 incenses to 
a more limited area and close to some ])uel)lo. By this means we know 
at once where to place the responsibility for any violation of the for- 
estry regulations, as to manner of felling and removing of forest prod- 
ucts. Where a num])er of license(\s are operating in one province it is 
difficult at times to know just where to place the responsibility for any 
infractions, as noted above. 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 13 

The application for a license finalh" reaches the central office at 
Manila, containing- the indorsements of the forestry officials and with 
evidence of the chai'acter and responsibility of the applicant. 

Licenses are issued on special forms: There is the timber license, the 
tire wood license, the gratuitous license, and then a general form to include 
any special product desired, such as gutta-percha, rubber, and other 
gums. Where the government valuation of a forest product has not 
been specifically mentioned in the regulations, provision is made that a 
valuation of 10 per cent on the prevailing mai'ket price in Manila will 
be (liarged for such product. The licenses are issued for one year, and 
may be revoked for violation of the regulations. A gratuitous license 
is issued to needy residents upon application, accompanied by a certifi- 
cate by the president of the town in which the applicant resides, to the 
effect that the applicant is a needy resident and that he should be granted 
the license. This license runs for a period of six months. The licensee 
is not permitted to utilize more than 1.000 cul)ic feet of timber, and is 
prohibited from utilizing tree species of the superior and first groups. 
(Thirty-five tree species thus protected; this restriction is noted on 
back of license.) A gratuitous license may also be issued to govern- 
ment officials upon written application, stating the public work for 
which such timber is to be used and the amount and variety of woods 
desired. 

A list of licenses is sent to the forestry officials in the provinces, and 
the instructions of these officials provide for the supervision of the 
uiethods of operation in the forest of the various licensees. 

l*arti(^s bringing into market forest products without license are 
fined for first ofienses 25 per cent of the valuation of said products, an 
increased fine for the second oliense, and confiscation of products with 
a fine of 100 per cent provided for the third ofi'ense. 

It has been found that man}" of the dealers in forest products, and 
not the actual loggers in the woods, were the holders of licenses. This 
has been the subject of careful investigation during the past six months, 
and as far as possible none but the actual lumbermen working in the 
forest are now given licenses. 

Owing to th(» disturbed conditions in the islands manv natives 
engaged in h)gging were afraid to leave their districts and go far from 
home, and as the forestry officials w^ere always in towns garrisoned by 
United States troops, many natives never came in contact with the 
forestry officials, and operated in the forests without license. As con- 
ditions improve, this difficulty will be removed. 

Under Spanish administration no form of license was issued. The 
applicant received his letter of application with an indorsement of 
the central office in Manila, stating whether or not he was permitted 
to utilize the forest products. 

Prior to March 2, lltOl. 4r>T licenses had been granted by the for- 
estry burt'au at Manila. 

Up to May 14. llli>l, the number of licenses granted by the military 
government were as follows: 

Timber 348 

Firewood 169 

Rubber and other gums 32 

Dyewood 10 

Gratuitous 21 

Total 580 



14 KEI'ORT OF FORESTRY BITRP:AU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

Piii't of these licenses expire in six months; the remainder in one 
3^e{ir from date. of issue. Under the Spanish u(bninistration an aver- 
ag^e of 1,000 licenses were issued each year by the forestry bureau. 

Where an applicant employs a number of the people of a thinly 
populated district, and where he shows that he can cut all that should 
properly l)e cut for the present needs in that district, other licenses 
for that particular limited area are not o-ranted. Up to the present 
time this has worked without o))jecti()n. The licenses o-ranted so far 
coyer but a yery small part of the forest area of the ishinds. Vast 
areas of virg-in forest throughout the islands are practically untouched 
and will not be entered for some time to come, owing- to the lack of 
roads, driyeways, scarcity of labor, and means of transportation. 

A cable dispatch from Washington, D. C, was receiyed early in 
March giying notice of the passage of w^hat is known as the Spooner 
amendment. This law proyides "that no sale or lease or other dispo- 
sition of the public lands or the timber thereon or the mining rights 
therein shall be made." 

Orders were giyen the forestry bureau to grant no more licenses to 
cut timber on public lands. Seyeral weeks later a copy of the opinion 
of the law officer of the Diyision of Insular Affairs, giying the War 
Department's construction of the Spooner amendment, was receiyed, 
and the forestry bureau notified that "such proyisions of said General 
Orders, No. 92, as are intended to protect and preserye the interests 
of the United States in said forests are in harmon}' with said enact- 
ment and not aftected thereby." 

The opinion stated: 

This enactment permits the President of the United States to grant such temjxjrary 
privileges as are " clearly necessary for the immediate government of the islands and 
indispensable for the interest of the people thereof." 

The licenses granted haye neyer been in excess of the immediate and 
imperatiye needs of the islands, and the cutting under these licenses in 
the islands has neyer been equal to the necessities of the people, and 
has not been sufficient to bring down the price of timber to what it 
formerly was. The cutting nowhere in the islands has been equal to 
what would haye been selected by the scientiffc forester whose princi- 
pal object was the betterment of forest conditions. 

Owing to a lack of facilities for logging and sawing, it was found 
impossible to supply the United States military forces in the islands 
with the timber necessary for the construction of storerooms for sup- 
plies, and barracks for troops, timbers for bridges, and other public 
works innnediately necessary" for the care of the troops. Seyeral 
million feet of American timber were imported to supplement the 
natiye timber l)rought to market. The United States (xoyernment 
utilized at least 50 per cent of the natiye timber brought to market in 
the Philippines. The merchants used a large part of the remaining 
60 per cent for new buildings, additions, etc., leaying the priyate 
householders but a small and ridiculously inadequate supply for the 
repair of their homes. The number of homes destroyed in the Philip- 
pines during the insurrection will neyer be eyen approximately known, 
and it will be years before the supply of natiye wood will meet eyen 
the al)solutely necessary demand of the natiye residents. 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 15 

PR0C?:DURE as prescribed in forestry REGULATIONS IN ORDER TO 
EXTRACT FOREST PRODUCTS FROM THE PU'BLIC LANDS OF THE 
PHILIPPINES. 

I. Application ])v letter to the forestiy bureau of the party desiring 
license. The writer must be known to the l)ureau or vouched for by 
some responsible party. The forestry official in the district where 
the license is to l)e granted must indorse the application. No particu- 
lar form of letter is required in making' this application. 

II. The particular license re([uestecl. if granted, is made out on a 
special form, signed by the head of the forestiy bureau, and stamped. 
(8ee Forms 4, 5. 0. 7.) 

The license is sent with a copy of the forestrj' regulations to the 
applicant. A Spanish cop}' of the regulations is sent to all native or 
Spanish applicants. Notice of said license is also sent to the forestry 
official in the district covered by the license. It has been customary 
for many years to grant licenses covering whole provinces, but lately 
the policy has been to restrict the license to a district covering but 
one or two pueblos or townships. 

In the province of Abra, owing to severe cutting in former years, 
no licenses wei'e granted by the Spanish bureau. Since the organiza 
tion of the present ])ureau but one license has been granted in this 
province. This license was given at the solicitation of the military 
government, and was for the purpose of supplying the needs of the 
military forces. 

In other provinces as many as 37 timber licenses have been granted. 
In many provinces and islands where there is much valuable timber 
not one application has been received for timber or other licenses. 

After license is received the licensee may proceed to the district 
covered by his license and begin operations. 

Article f)2 of the Forestry Regulations prescribes that the trees to 
be cut shall be selected. This has been done under the personal super- 
vision of the undersigned in the pine region of Luzon, where the tim- 
ber is thin and where vigorous cutting might be harmful to future 
forest growth. But, as a rule, the cuttings in other regions have been 
so moderate that up to the present time it has not been found neces- 
sary to mark the trees to be felled. This will })e done in the near 
future, or as soon as any logging company begins to operate on a 
large scale. At present loggers are taking out one tree where they 
could take 100 and not injure the forest growth. This state of affairs 
is not likely to continue many months longer. 

When the logs are ready for removal the licensee notifies (see article 
63) the nearest forestry official, who measures his wood and makes out 
an order for payment (Form 3), and also gives to the licensee a mani- 
fest (Form 13) on which is noted the kind and dimensions of each log. 

In some cases (article 66) the licensee pa^^s at once for his wood. In 
other cases he may pa}' at the destination of cargo if in the Philip- 
pines. 

In every case the forestry official retains a copy of the manifest, 
inscribes one copy in his records, and sends one copy to the Forestiy 
Bureau at Manila. 

At the end of each two weeks he sul)mits a report (Form 17) of work 
done during this period. This gives twice each month complete and 



16 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

detailed information to the central offiee at Manila of operations over 
the entire archipelago. 

After payment for the wood the licensee show.s a receipt for the 
same to the forestry official and receives from this official a permit to 
unload (Form 1) and a note of the customs guards (Form 2). 

At destination of cargo a second inspection is made (Form 12) and 
if a difl'erencc is found between the original manifest and second 
inspection, this diti'erence must be accounted for, and in certain cases 
penalties ma,y be incurred. If an excess of carcro is foiuid at this 
second inspection, an order of payment (Form 10) is issued and a 
receipt for said payment must be shown before said cargo can be 
moved. 

In the case of private woodlands, the owner or his authorized agent 
submits a copy of the title to his woodlands to the forestry bureau for 
registration. If the title is prima facia a good one, it is registered 
and a statement (Form 9) of said registration given to the owner. 
After cutting his wood, he secures a certificate from the mayor of the 
township in which his land is located, to the effect that this wood was 
cut on his land, and then a permit for free transit is given (Form 15). 

BLANK FORMS USED IN THE FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. 

No. 1. Permit to unload forest products. 
No. 2. Note to customs guards to permit unloading of cargo. 
No. 3. Order of payment. (English.) 
No. 3. Order of payment. (Spanish.) 
No. 4. License — Rubber, gums, gutta-percha, etc. 
No. 5. License — Firewood. 
No. 6. License — Timber. 
No. 7. License — Gratuitous. 

No. 8. Acknowledgment of receipt of payment on excess of cargo. 
No. 9. Statement of registration in forestry bureau of title to private woodlands. 
No. 10. Order of payment on excess cargo found at second inspection. 
No. 11. Permit by forest ranger to move parts of a cargo of forest products (issued 
after payment) . 
No. 12. Statement of inspection of forest products at destination. 
No. 13. Manifest of timber cut on public lands. 
No. 14. Manifest of firewood cut on public lands. 

No. 15. Permit for free transit of forest products taken from private woodlands. 
No. 16. Order to unload forest products in Manila paid for at another place. 
No. 17. Form of semimonthly statement made at each forestry bureau station. 

Forestry bureau. Form 1. 

FORESTRY BUREAU. 

No. 21. Manila, P. I., July 1, 1901. 

Juan Garcia, having paid the State valuation of the timber brought to Manila on 
steamer Salradora, the forestry employees will permit the unloading in Manila Bay. 
When unloading is finished this order will be taken up and the manifest given in 
exchange, so that the timber can be carried where desired, provided no excess of 
cargo is found at inspection. 

George P. Ahern. 
Captdiri, Xiuth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. 

[Stub.] 
FOHKSTKV BUREAU. 

No. 21. Manu.a, p. L, July 1, 1901. 

Origin, Aparri. Concessioner, Juan Garcia. Name of vessel, Salvadora. No. of 
pieces, 12. Cul)i(' feet, 400. State valuation, $40. Date of statement, June 15, 1901. 
Date of order of i)ayment, July 1, 1901. Date of order to unload, July 1, 1901. 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 17 

Forestry bureau. Form 2. 

FORESTRY BrREAU, MANILA, P. I. 

No. 21. 

Juan Garcia, having paid the State value of the timber brought to Manila by the 
steamer Sfilvudora, the order to unload has been given on this date. 
Customs guards will please note. 

George P. Ahern, 
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. 

Forestry bureau. Form S {English). 
forestry bureau. 
No. 21. Manila, P. I., July 1, 1901. 

Juan Garcia will pay at the office of internal revenue of Manila the sum of forty 
dollars, value of the timber Ijrought to Manila in steamer *S'aZyo(/o?'''(, as per statement 
made by Juan Garcia, dated June 15, 1901, and which has been cut by authority of 
license granted to Juan Garcia, dated January 10, 1901. 

George P. Ahern, 
Captain, Ninth Infantry, tn Charge of Bureau. 

Forestry bureau. Form 3 {Spanish), 

forestry bureau, MANILA, P. I. 

Son $40.00. Num. 21. 

Don Juan Garcia, debeni ingresar en the internal revenue office la cantidad de forty 
dollars valor de las maderas conducidas d Manila en steamer Salvadora segun 
relacion formada por el Juan Garcia de fecha 15 de Junio y que han sido cortadas en 
virtud de liceucia que se le ha concedido al interesado en Aparri 10 de Junio 
de 1901. 

George P. Ahern, 

Captain, Ninth Infantry. 
Order to pay to internal revenue office State valuation for forest product. 

[Stub.] 

FORESTRY BUREAU, 

Niim. 21. 

Procedencias, Aparri. Concesionario, Juan Garcia. Buque cargador, Salvadora, 

Num. de piezas, 12. Pi6s cubicos, 400. Tasacion, $40. Fecha de la relacion, 

June 15, 1901. De la orden de ingreso, Julv 1, 1901. Des las ordenes de descarga, 

July 1, 1901. Manila, 1st de July, de 1901." 

Forestry bureau. Form 4- 

FORESTRY BUREAU. 

No. 10. Manila, P. I., January 1, 1901. 

LICENSE FOR RUBBER, GUMS, GUTTA-PERCHA, ETC. 

In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby granted Juan Garcia, resident 
of Aparri, to extract rubber in the public forests of the province of Cagayan, subject 
to the accompanying regulations and tariff. 

George P. Ahern, 
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. 

[Stub.] 

FORESTRY BUREAU. 

Manila, P. I., .January 1, 1901, 

LICENSE FOR RUBBER. GUMS, GUTT.V-PERCHA, ETC. 

No. 10. Name. Juan Garcia. Province, Cagayan. Remarks, resident of Ajiarri. 



In Charge of Bureau. 
11UG4— Ul 2 



18 REPOET OV FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

[On back.] 
TARIFF. 

Concessioners shall, for the present, pay 10 per cent of market value (in Manila) 
of forest products utiHzed by virtue of tliis license. 
The felling of rubber, caoutchouc, gutta-pei'cha, and gum elastic trees is prohibited. 

Forestry bitreau. Form 5. 
For Firewood Cut for the Market, 
forestry bureau. 
No. 50. Manila, P. I., January 1, 1901. 

FIREWOOD LICENSE. 

In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby granted Juan Garcia, resident 
of Aparri, to cut firewood in the public forests of the province of Cagayan, subject 
to the accompanying regulations and tariff. 

GEORCiE P. Aherx, 
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bnreau. 

[Stub.] 
FORESTRY BUREAU. 

Manila, P. I., January 1, 1901. 

FIREWOOD LICENSE. 

No. 50. Name, Juan Garcia. Province, Cagayan. Remarks, resident of Aparri. 



In Charge of Bureau. 
[On back.] 

TARIFF. 

First class: Rajas composed of pieces 75 centimeters to I2 meters in length, 20 to 40 
centimeters in circumference, %1 per thousand rajas. 

Second class: Pieces of small size, 20 cents per cubic meter, if for domestic con- 
sumption; 40 cents per cubic meter, if for export. 

Tree species of the third, fourth, and fifth groups only permitted to be cut for fire- 
wood. 

The felling of rubber, caoutchouc, gum elastic, gutta-percha, and ylang-ylang trees 
is prohil)ited. 

Forestry bureau. Form 6. 

FORESTRY' BUREAU. 

No. 25. Manila, P. I., Jamtary 1, 1901. 

TIMBER LICENSE. 

In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby granted Juan Garcia, resident 
of Zaml>oanga, to cut timber in the juiblic forests of the province of Zamboanga, 
sul)ject to the accompanying regulations and tariff. 

George P. Ahern, 
Captain, XintJi Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. 

[Stub.] 
FORESTRY BUREAU. 

ISIanila, p. I., January 1, 1901. 

TIMBER LICENSE. 

No. 25. Name, Juan Garcia. Province, Zamboanga. Remarks, resident of town 
of Zamboanga. 

In Charge of Bureau. 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 19 

[On back.] 
TARIFF. 

Per cubic foot. 

Superior ^roup $0. 14 

First group 10 

fSecoud grouj) 08 

Third group 03 

Fourth group 02 

Fifth group 01 

The felling of trees of the superior and first groups of less diameter than 40 centi- 
meters is pnjhibited, excepting ebony, lanete, and camuning. 

The folHng of rubber, caoutchouc, gum elastic, gutta-percha, and ylang-ylang trees 
is proliibited. 

Forestry bureau. Form 7. 

FORESTRY BUREAU. 
GRATl'ITOrS LICENSE. 

No. 12. Manila, P. I., Februarys, 1901. 

In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby granted Isidor Chanco, resi- 
dent of San PVrnando, Pami>anga, to cut tim1)er in the public forests of the province 
of Fampanga, subject to the accompanying regulations. 

George P. Ahern, 
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. 

[Stub.] 
FORESTRY BUREAU. 

Manila, P. I., Februarys, 1901. 
Gratuitous license, No. 12. Name, Isidor Chanco. Province, Pampanga. Remarks, 
resident of San Fernando, Pampanga. 

In Charge of Bureau. 

[On back.] 

Trees of the superior, first, and second groups shall not be cut under a gratuitous 
license. 

Cutting limited to 1,000 cubic feet. 

The felling of rubber, caoutchouc, gum elastic, gutta-percha, and ylang-ylang trees 
is prohibited. 

Forestry bureau. Form 8. 

FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. 

Num. 181. 

Se ha recibido en esta inspeccion la carta de pago num 46 importante forty-six dol- 
lars por diferencia que resulto de las maderas aprovechadas por el concesionario 
Pedro Martinez en province of Cagayan y conducidas a Manila en steamer Salvadora 
segiin relacion del Pedro Martinez de fecha February 21. 
Manila, 15 de March, de 1901. 

George P. Ahern, 
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. 

"Acknowledgment of receipt of letter of payment on excess of cargo of forest 
products as found at inspection at destination." 

[Stub.] 
Num. 181. 

Niimero del expediente, 46. Numero de la carta de pago, 97. Diferencia, $46. 
Concesionario, Pedro Martinez. Barco, Salvadora. Intervenciun, Juan Martin. 

Acuerdo, . 

Manila, 15 de March, de 1901. 



20 



EEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



Forestry bureau. Form 9. 

FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I., INTENDENCIA. 

Niim. . Manila, P. I., February 10, 1901. 

A los efectos del articulo 75 de la Orden General, Numero 92 de la oficina U. S. 
Military Governor of the Pliilipjnne Islands, de 27 de Junio, 1900, en este dia quedo 
inscrita en esta oticina en el libro 1st, niimero 78, de inscripeion la escritura de haci- 
enda que en el sitio de Santa Cruz, jnrisdiccion del pueblo de Manila provincia de 
Manila posee 150 de hectareas, 7 dreas, 15 centidreas de superficie. 

George P. Ahern, 
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. 



Num. . 

sito de 

de inscripeion , de - 



centiareas. 
Manila, 



-, 19- 



[Stub.] 



-, pueblo 



-, provincia 



-, parcelas cuya superficie mide ■ 



. Libro - 
hectares, 



-. Num. 
- dreas, 



Forestry Bureau, Form 10. 

FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I., INTENDENCIA. 

Niim. 86. 

Don Pedro Martin deherd ingresar en el the internal-revenue otRce la cantidad de 
forty-six dollars, diferencia de valor de las timber que condujo a Manila segun rela- 
cion remitida por el Pedro ^Martin de fecha 8 de February. 
Manila, 15 de February de 1901. 

Geor(;e p. Ahern, 
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in charge bureau. 

Diferencia, $ . 

Multa, $ . 

Total, $ . 



Concesionario Don — 
de la orden de descarga 



Declararlo 

Intervenido 

Diferencia 



Num. 



[Stub.] 
Num. de la 1." orden de ingreso ■ 



Fecha 





Pie-s. 


Mil6s'. 

















I 







Importc lie la diferencia f 

Id. de la multa 

Id. total de la orden ingreso S 



Manila 



de 



de 19- 



Recibi la orden de ingreso en 



de 



de 19—. 



El Interesado. 



Forestry Bureau, Form 11. 

FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. 

Num. 62. 
Manila, P. J.,8de February, 1901. 
El Juan Martfn conduce timber expresadas al dorso comi)rendidas en la orden de 

descarga No. 181, de de . 

Ranger. 

[This paper is given to parties removing parcels of a cargo of forest products.] 



KEPOKT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 21 

[Stnb.] 

No. . 



El 



de 



Manila 



conduce 

de 19— 



de la orden de descarga No. de 



Forestry Bureau, Form 12, 



INSPECTION AT DESTIN.VTION. 

No. 78. 
Intervenci6n del m\ 8 de February. 



INSPECTION AT DESTINATION. 

No. 78. 
Intervencion del dia 8 DE February. 



[Name of wood of each log and dimensions stated on each side of this form and 
then signed by official making the inspection.] 

Forestry Bureau, Form 13. 

manifest. 

Statement of Timber cut by License. 



Eelacinii de las maderas cortadas en los montes pub.icos del pueblo de Iba, pro- 
vincia de Zaml^ales, en virtud de la licencia niim. 86 concedida por the Forestry 
Bureau en 15 de February de 1901, a D. Pedro Pilar, vecino de Iba, provincia de 

Zambales, y que se hallan depositadas en para trasportarlas en steamer *S'aZt'ac?ora 

con destino a Manila. 



Niimero 

de 
piezas. 


Clase de maderas. 


Dimensiones. 


Bojeo. 










Longitud. 


Aneho. 


Grueso. 






1 


Ipil 


Pies. 
20 
22 
14 
18 


Puntos. 
5 
6 
3 
5 


Puntos. 
18 
16 
16 
16 


Puntos. 
16 
16 
14 
12 


Puntos. 


Pies. 


Milesi- 
mas. 


Pesos. 


Cent. 


1 


Ipil 










1 


Ipil 










1 


.v , 



























[Each log measured, classified, and appraised and placed on this manifest. Signed 
by owner of timl)er or his agent, and also signed by the forestry official. Note of 
payment also made at end of this statement.] 

Forestry Bureau, Form 14- 

statement of firewood cut by license. 

Relacion de las lefias cortadas en ios montes publicos del pueblo de Morong, 
provincia de Morong, en virtud de la licencia concedida por el Forestry Bureau en 1 
de January de 1901, a D. Juan ^Nlartfn, vecino de Morong, las cuales se transportan d 
Manila, en steamer Cavite. 

LEX AS DEL PRIMER GRUPO. 



Niimero de rajas. 


Tasaci6n. 




Pesos. 


C6nt. 




6,000, at 81 per M 


6 


00 






' 



22 EEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

leS'as del segundo grupo. 



Volumen en metros ciibicos. 


Tasacion. 




Pesos. 


C6nt. 




150, at 20 cents per cu. M 


30 


00 









RESUMEN. 





Pesos. 


C6nt. 


Importf de tasacion de las del 1." grupo 


6 

30 


00 


id. de id. de las del 2.° id 


00 






Total 


36 


oa 







[Signed by owner and by forestry official.] 



No. 78. 



Forestry Bureau, Form 15. 

FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. 



Habiendo conducido d esta capital D. Francisco Sanz, las timber que al margen se 
expresan y que ban sido extraidas en los terrenos que en el pueblo de San Fernando 
(Romhlon) , provincia de Romblon, posee D. Fr. Sanz, segiin relacion firmada por el 

y autoridad local del niismo pueblo, de fecha 3 de February, 1901, las cuales 

han sido transportadas en steamer Gloria; los carabineros de custodia y dependientes 
deestainspeccion permitirdn el liljre transito de las mismas, previa la oportuna inter- 
vencion de la que dariin cuenta A esta dependencia con la devolucion de la presente 
orden. 

Manila, 10 de February de 1901. [Signed.] 

[Permit for free transit of forest products taken from private woodlands.] 



[Stub.] 
FORESTRY BUREAU. 

No. 78. 

Pueblo de San Fernando. Provincia de Romblon. Hacienda de Francisco Sanz,. 

Sibuyan. Aprovechamiento de timber. Embarcacion, . Conductor, steamer 

Gloria. Fecha de la orden de descarga, Februarv 15, 1901. Fecha de la intervencion, 
February 15, 1901. 

Forestry Bureau, Form 16. 

FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. 

No. 78. 
Satisfecho por D. Juan Martin el valor de las timber que ha aprovechado en el 
pueblo de Iba, provincia de Zambales, las cuales ha conducido ii esta capital en el 
steamer Salvadora; los carabineros de custodia y dependientes de esta inspeccion 
permitirdn descargar en el Rio Pasig las timber que al dorso se expresan, previa la 
oportuna intervencion de la que dardn cuenta A esta dependencia con la devoluci6n 
de la presente orden. 

Manila, 15 de February de 1901. [Signed.] 

[Order to unload forest products in Manila paid for at another place.] 



[Stub.] 



Enil)arcaci6n, 

cos, . Tasacion, 



Procedencias, 



Ntim. de piezas, 



No. . 

Pies ciibi- 
Niimero de la carta 



de pagcj, - 
Manila, 
El Ayudante, 



Fecha tie la relacion, 

Fecha de la misma, . Id. <le la orden de descarga, 

de de 190—. 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS'. 23 



Forestry Bureau, Form 17. — Form used h)j foreatrii officUds in charge of stcUions in 

making semimonthly reports. 



Mes de (month of) 



Alio de 



Nombre del interesado (name of interested 
party). 


cia&"s"l Clasede 
p^odud^oslaP^vecM- 

products). 1 '^^^)- 


Nilmero 
de piezas 
(number 
of pieces). 


Cubicaci6n (cubic 
volume). 










Pies. 


Milcsimas. 


Nombre del interesado (name of interested 
party) . 


Lefias (firewood). 


Productos 
varios (va- 
rious prod- 
ucts other 
than tim- 
ber or fire- 
wood). 


Tasaei6n (govern- 
mental charge) . 




i.«' grupo. 


2.° grupo. 




Pesos. 


Ctmos. 



Nombre del interesado (name of interested 
party). 


Diferencias (differ- 
ences second inspec- 
tion). 


Multas (fines). 


Destino de 
los produc- 
tos (^des- 
tination of 
products). 




Pesos. 


Ctmos. 


Pesos. 


Ctmos. 




Nombre del interesado (name of interested 
party). 


Fecha 
de la 
relaci6n 
(date of 
mani- 
fest). 


Fecha de la orden de 
ingreso (date of or- 
der of payment). 


Internal 
Revenue 

^^^esri-i'J^^-^ 

payment).! ^^^^% 

payment 
was made) . 






Expedida. 


Recibida. 







Nombre del interesado (name of interested 
party). 


Interven- 
ci6n de la 
relacion 
(second in- 
pection). 


Fecha de 
remision de 
la relacion y 
recibo al For- 
estry Bureau 

(date of 

transmission 

to and receipt 

of manifest 

at Forestry 

Bureau). 


Observacioncs. 


• 









24 KEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE I8LANDS. 

Statement of licenses granted by forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. , from July 1, 1900, to July 

15, I'JOl. 

[Date of last license granted by forestry bureau.] 

TIMBEK LICENSES (fOR PERIOD OF ONE YEAR). 

Number granted — 

July, 1900 (terms have expired) 33 

August, 1 900 ( terms have expired ) 32 

tSeptember, 1900 (terms expire September 30, 1901 ) 30 

October, 1900 40 

November, 1900 28 

December, 1900 33 

Jan u ar V , 1 90 1 72 

February, 1901 20 

March, 1901 8 

Total number granted to date of Spooner amendment 296 

April, 1901 26 

May, 1901 49 

Jime, 1901 53 

■128 

July, 1901 53 

Total 477 

FIREWOOD LICENSES (fOR PERIOD OF ONE YEAR). 

Number granted — 

July 1 , 1900, to June 30, 1901 192 

July, 1901 17 

209 
dyewood licenses (for period of one year). 

Number granted — 

July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901 12 

July, 1901 2 

14 
rubber, gums, and gutta-percha licenses (for period of one year). 

Number granted — 

July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901 38 

July, 1901 1 

39 

gratuitous licenses (for period of six months). 

Number granted, July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901 30 

Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. 
TIMBER LICENSES. 



No. 


Licensee. 


Date. 


Location. 


Province. 


1 


Leoncio B. Araullo 


1900. 

July 1 

July 9 

do. 


Bataan 


Luzon. 


2 


,J . R. Redfern ( agent) 




Do. 


3 


.lustiiKi Suvilla 




Do. 


4 




July 10 
do ... 




Do. 


6 


Hermogeiios Tan-Tiangeo 




Do. 


6 




do . . 




Do. 


7 


Luis Esteban 


July 12 
....do... 


Zambales 


Do. 


8 


do 




Do. 


9 


Ramon Lagdauieo 


....do... 


Camarines, Norte 


Do. 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 25 

Licenses granted bij the foreKtn^ bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued. 
TIMBP:R licenses— Continued. 



Licensee. 



Date. 



1900, 

July 

...do 

...do 

July 

...do 

...do 

July 

July 

...do 

...do 

July 

...do 

July 

...do 

July 

July 

...do 

...do 

...do 

.. do 

...do 

July 

July 

...do 

Aug. 



....do 
....do 
....do 
Aug. 
....do 
Ang. 
....do 
....do 
Aug. 



Ramon Lagdameo 

do 

Lino Livoro 

Santo do los Revos 

do : 

do 

Lui.s Esteban 

Bernardo Buluran 

Florentino de Perio 

Mariano Gil 

John Orr 

do 

Mariana Noble Jose 

do 

Celesforo Correa 

Juan Palmer Pages 

do 

Jose Izquierdo 

do 

-Salvador Linao 

Francisco Pa^iio 

Catalino Enriquez 

Antonio Vidanes 

do 

Philippine Lumber and Devel 
opment Co. 

do 

Bruno de Borja 

Luis Esteban 

KiMuuli) Mercado 

Anacleto Mendoza 

Herbert R. Spincoe 

Isidoro Tuzon 

do 

Guillermo Caldez 

Santiago Mallary j Aug 

Jacobo F. Arscuschek Aug. 

Domingo .\polinario r do 

Rami 111 Sanz ' Aug. 

Aug. 
....do 
....do 
....do 
Aug. 
Aug. 
....do 
....do 
....do 
Aug. 
....do 
Aug. 
....do 
Aug. 
.:..do 
....do 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Sept. 

do 

....do 
....do 
....do 
Sept. 

do 

Sept. 

do 

....do 
....do 
....do 
Sept. 
.do 
■ do 



13 



Epifaiiiii Salta 

Genminid Paciuin 

Ramon Custantino 

.fose Izi|Uier(lo 

Mariano Vega 

Enri(|Ue C. de Castelvi 

Francisco Roque 

Chino Jose Chung Sunmuy 

Marcelo Tiglao ". 

Tap Guian 

N. F. Hashim & Co 

Feliza Javier Martinez 

Manuel Nieto 

Gregorio Dizon 

lo 
Luis Esteban 
Melitnn Inl'antado 
Oscar F. ( 'ami)bell 
Si.xtd San Agu.stin 
Juan .\lili 
Carlos Serrano 

do 

do 

Saturnino C^umington 

Chino Jose Sun-Muy 

Pedro Navarro ". 

Antonio Correa y Pomar (agent) 

Marcelino Tangeo 

Francisco l)omingucz 

Pedro ('aulas 

Claro Lagdameo Evangelista. . . 

do 

do 



Tranquilino Cesar [ Sept. 21 

Pastor Macamaya i Sept. 22 

Astigarraga Hefmanos do ... 

Bonifacio Aczc do ... 

Juan i]v Molina Marti'll j do ... 

Mel<juiaclcs Flores do ... 

Carsila Flores do . . . 

Martin Gonzalez , . . I Sept. 24 



Location. 



Camarines, Sur 

Tayabas 

Luban Island 

Aravat, Pampanga . 

Tariac 

Nueva Ecija 

Pampanga 

Bataan 

Zambales 

Bataan 

Tayabas 

Camarines, Sur 

Pangasinan 

Zambales 

Bulacan 

Bataan 

Zambales 

Bataan 

Tariac 

Bataan 

do 

do 

Morong 

Laguna 

Camarines, Norte . . 



Camarines, Sur 

Bulacan 

Tariac 

Pampanga 

Bataan 

do 

Pampanga 

Nueva Ecija 

Sibuyan Island 

Tariac 

do 

do 

Masbate Island 

Nueva Ecija 

Tariac. 

Zambales 

Pampanga 

Tariac 

do 

Pampanga 

Tariac 

Pampanga 

Tariac 

Zambales 

Luban Island 

Albay 

Tariac 

Pampanga 

Nueva Ecija 

Bulacan 

Zambales 

Bataan 

Tariac 

Masbate 

Ticao 

Burcias Island 

Bataan 

Cagayan 

Bataan 

Cagayan 

Bataan 

Pampanga 

Tariac 

Tayabas 

Camarines Norte. . . 

Camarines Sur 

Movuit of Bolinao . . 

Cagavan 

do 

do , 

do 

Bulacan , 

do 

Pampanga 



Province. 



Luzon. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Romblon. 
Luzon. 

Do. 

Do. 

Luzon. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Masbate Island. 

Luzon. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Zambales. 
Luzon. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 



26 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

Licenses granted by the forestnj bvTean, Manila, P. I. — Continued. 
TIMBER LICENSES— Continued. 



No. 


Licensee. 


Date. 


Location. 


Province. 


89 


Tan Pucco 


1900. 
Sept. 24 
do ... 


Pampanga 




90 


Gregorio de la Cruz 




Do 


91 


Pedro Cuovas 

Tdiims (ianara 


Sept. 25 
do ... 


Basilaii Island 




92 


Tarlac 


Do 


93 


I'c'rtro Ituvapa 


Sept. 27 
do ... 




Do 


94 


Mnlutf Ilermanos 






95 


Lucio Isidro 


....do... 




Mindanao. 


96 


Pedro Rodriguez 


Oct. 1 
....do... 




Do 


97 


Jos(S Roja.s Tan Conges (Chino). 
do 


do 


Do. ' 


98 


....do... 


Tarlac 


Do 


99 


Forbes Anderson 


... do. 




Do 


100 


Luis Arnaldt 


....do... 


do. 


Do 


101 


I'rhano Benito 

(iri'gorio (le .lesus 


....do... 
....do ... 


Manila 


Do. 


102 




Do. 


103 


Carlos Laffinan 


Oct. 3 
....do... 




Do. 


104 


Ignacio Naval 


Bataan 


Do 


106 


Biienaveiuura Carsolin 

Nicalao I'ica v Planas 


Oct. 5 
do . 


Bnlacan 


Do. 


106 




Do 


107 


Cesarca Bi nupua 


....do... 


Manila . 


Do 


108 


Kafael Venero 


Oct. 10 
do ... 


Cagavan 


Do 


109 


Estehan K<iinillo 


do 


Do 


110 


Rinnan Simbol 


Oct. 11 
do ... 


Tarlac 


Do. 


111 


Bonit'arici Simbol 


Nueva Ecija 


Do 


112 




....do... 




Do 


113 


;\Iari;ni(i Santiago 


Oct. 16 
do ... 




Do. 


114 


Pedro Edafu) 




Do 


115 


Paseual de Perio 


....do... 


do.. .. 


Do 


116 


Mariano V. Henson 


Oct. 22 
....do... 


Pampanga 


Do 


117 


Martina Sieat 


do 


Do. 


118 


Felipe Angeles 


....do... 


Bnlacan 


Do. 


119 


Ladislao Donato 


....do... 


Abra 


Do 


120 


do 


....do... 




Do. 


121 


Jdlian Theodore Lund 


Oct. 23 
Oct. 27 
do ... 




Do. 


122 


CiMioH KddritiUez 




Do 


123 


,luan <'aniiv 


Bataan 


Do 


124 


Rntini) Lnn-Culloc 


....do... 


Pampanga , 


Do. 


125 


Francisco Resurrection 

Monico Es]iino 


....do... 


do 


Do. 


126 


do .. 


... .do. 


Do 


127 




do ... 


do 


Do. 


128 




....do... 


Tarlac 


Do. 


129 


Fabian de (Uizinan 


....do... 


do 


Do. 


130 


Ferniin Mendoza 


do ... 


do 


Do 


131 


Mariano Cutaran 


do ... 


Cagayan 


Do. 


132 


Iguacio .\1 varado 


....do... 


do 


Do. 


133 


Fennin Macanaya 

Gaudt'Ueiii Anastaeio 


....do ... 


do 


Do. 


134 


....do 


do 


Do. 


135 




do ... 


do 


Do. 


1.36 




Nov. 6 
....do... 




Do. 


137 


Franci.M'ii <iarcia 




Do. 


138 


T( 11 lias ( larcia 


do . 


Nueva Ecija 


Do. 


139 




Nov. 8 
....do... 




Do. 


140 


Leon Trinidad 




Do. 


141 


Ottci Sclu'crer 


Nov. 9 
Nov. 14 
do... 


Benguet 


Do. 


142 


Victor Lorenzo 


MaTiila 


Do. 


143 


Crisanto Santos 


do 


Do. 


144 


Teodoro A. Ravmundo 


...do 




Do. 


145 




do ... 




Do. 


146 




do ... 


do 


Do. 


147 


Emilio A. Lallave 


....do... 




Do. 


148 


Ivon Pineda 


Nov. 16 
do . . 


Tarlac 


Do. 


149 


do 




Do. 


1.50 




Nov. 19 
do 




Do. 


151 


.bM'onimo /.abala . . . 


Tavabas 


Do. 


152 




. . do . 




Do. 


153 




do ... 


do 




154 


Francisco Pilajtil 


Nov. 26 
do 


Morong 


Do. 


155 




. .. .do 


Do. 


1.56 


Victoriano L. Evangelista 

Aiitoniiio Maximo 

Vicente Tri vino 


....do... 
....do... 
do 




Do. 


157 


do 


Do. 


1.58 


Masbate Island 


Do. 


1.59 




....do... 






160 


Emilio Peni 


Nov. 28 
Nov. 30 
....do... 


Masbate Island 




161 


H ipolito de la Rosa 




Do. 


162 


do 


Do. 


163 


Carlos rianes 


do 


Masbate 


Do. 


164 




Dec. 1 
....do... 




Do. 


165 






Do. 


166 




do... 


Romblon Island 




167 


Protasio Cuaderno 


Dec. 3 


Bnlacan » 


Do. 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 27 

Licenses granted by the forcstri/ bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued. 
TIMBER LICENSES— Continued. 



Licensee. 



168 I Simeon Bias 

169 Tc'ofloro de Mesa 

170 i JiiHii Maeedo 

171 .v. W. Holnu's 

172 I K. L. I'robasco 

173 I MiRuel delfastillo.... 

174 Mariano de Leon 

175 1 Manuel l\elos 

176 'roiiias Cala^ni 

177 Mariano de Leon 

178 I Mauro I'rieto 

179 I .luan Atavde 

180 j Ciraea del Kaido 

181 I Venaneio Lugto 

182 ! Pedro Calantas 

183 j Gabriel Fornioso 

184 Leoeadio Tan Puanco. 

185 Pedro Jeronimo 

186 1 Ly Agen 

187 Santiago Giraeno 

188 I Maeario Mareo 

189 I do 

190 I Chua Tong (Chinese) . 

191 I Nieolas I'angan 

192 1 Juan Taldon 

193 • Kanuto Engelskjon ... 

194 [ Manuel Mureiano 

195 j Pantaieon Villegas 

196 Dolores Rivera 



197 

198 

199 

200 

201 

202 

203 

204 

205 , 

206 

207 

208 

209 

210 

211 

212 

213 

214 

215 

216 

217 t 

218 

219 

220 

221 I 

222 1 

223 ' 
224 
225 
226 
227 
228 
229 
230 
231 
232 
333 
234 
235 
236 
237 
238 
239 
240 
241 
242 
243 
244 
245 



A.VV. Prauteh 

Nuctas Santos 

Roman Tongeo 

Antonio Font 

Lun Ing Chiat (Chinese). 

Miguel Pascual 

.lulian Balte 

Gabriel Cord 

Greg(jrio Marquez 

Joa(}nin Bayot 

-Vntonio Gomez 

Vietoriano Hilario 

Jose Barrierro 

Tomas Asuncion 

Domingo Villarama 

Francisco Tiangeo 

Isidoro Noriega 

Martini Suat 

Jose M. Almeda 

Tomas Garcia 

Clemencia Navarro 

Franciscii Sison 

Zacarias .Vsuncion 

Nieolas Pilapil 

Fon Leng 

Mariano Dedaeal 

Cipriano Candelario 

Torobio de Leon , 

Antonio Correa y Pomar , 

Fruta de la Paz 

Jose Elipio 

Jose Zulenata 

Pedro Vasquez 

James Porter ... 

Brigido Cutaran 

Manuel Olcaga 

Bonifacio ( 'ortez 

.\gustiii Cabrera 

Lorenzo Castillo 

Alejo Beradcs 

Boinfacio Comillas 

Fausiino Comillas 

Leoneio Duyapa 

Francisco Ageonila 

Anrelio Duyapa 

Marcos D\iyapa 

Gabriel Cabal 

Vicente Pa.seual 

Fruta de la Paz 



Date. 



1900. 
Dec. 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 
Dec. 1 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 
Dec. ] 
,...do. 
....do. 
....do. 
Dec. 1 
....do. 
....do. 
....do. 
....do. 
....do. 
....do. 
....do. 
....do. 
Dec. ] 
....do. 
....do. 
....do. 



Location. 



1901. 
Jan. 
Jan. 

...do. 

...do. 

...do. 

...do. 

...do, 

...do. 

...do. 

...do. 

...do. 

...do. 

...do, 

...do, 
....do 

...do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 

Jan. 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
.-...do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 



Tarlac 

Pampanga 

Zambales 

Benguet 

do 

Cagayan 

do 

do 

do 

Isabela 

Tayabas 

Tarlac 

Bataan 

Tarlac 

Cagavan 

do 

Bulacan 

Pampanga 

Iloilo 

Cavite 

Laguna 

Batangas 

do 

Bataan 

Zamboanga 

Surigao Island, etc. 

Tarlac 

Pampanga 

Tariac 



Pampanga 

Bataan 

....do 

Zambales 

Bataan 

....do 

Bulacan 

Tayabas 

do 

. I Masbate Island 

. Manila 

.1 do 

. j Morong 

.| do 

. Bulacan 

.| do 

. i Pampanga 

.' Tarlac 

.1 do 

. ' Pampanga 

.| Tarlac 

. Nueva Ecija ... 

. Sorsogon 

. 1 Morong 

.; Bulacan 

.1 Pangasinan 

. 1 Bataan 

. Bulacan 

.\ Iloilo 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

Cavagan 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

do .,. 

....do ;. 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

Concepcion 



Luzon. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Pan ay. 
Luzon. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Mindanao. 

Do. 
Luzon. 

Do. 

Do. 



Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Panav Island. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Luzon. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Panav. 



28 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



Licenses granted by tliefora^trii hureau, MKuila, P. I. — Continued. 
TIMBER LICENSES— Continued. 



Licensee. 



Date. 



Location. 



Province. 



I 1901. 

Mariana Alcaeid i Jan. 12 

Jose C Zai)iiinu do ... 

Tiinolci) Scvillii Jan. 17 

Sinijilino Eslnida do... 

Jose Fcrn.-iiidez do 

Tonios Aiififles do... 

Anaeleto Vicente do . . . 

Taptee (Chinese) do . . . 

Ong Tingeo (Chinese) do . . . 

Manuel Perez de Tagle | do ... 

Tin Surf Leong do . .. 

Franlv S. Bourns (agent) do... 

do do ... 

M.A.Clarke Jan. 21 

Pablo Garcia Mostratis J an. 22 

Isidro Protusada v de Lovole do ... 

John F. Maeleod.". " Jan. 24 

Franeisei) Sainz do ... 

John F. Maeleod do ... 

Jose Fernandez do . . . 

Luis Hi<lal,y:o Jan. 25 

Adriano Toientino do ... 

Geiniaiauo Zurbito do ... 

W. N.Swarthout Feb. 14 

W. F. Lowney & Co Feb. 15 

Mercer, Nugent & Co do . . . 

Joaquin Campomanos Feb. 18 

do do ... 

Isidoro del Castillo do . . . 

Pascasiode Mendezoma Feb. 19 

do do . . . 

Chicote y Sanchez y Co do ... 

O. Orchard " do . . . 

Danlct Coryell Feb. 21 

F. Emerson Hoar Feb. 23 

Bonifacio Seronino Feb. 25 

Valeriano ('ando do ... 

Pastor ilel ( 'astillo do . . . 

Tonias Revilla do ... 

Pedro de la Vina Feb. 26 

Sixto del Rosario do ... 

Marianno Yerro Feb. 27 

do do ... 

Pedro C. Rodriguez Mar. 1 

Mariano INIoreno Mar. 5 

Augustin Asensio I Mar. 6 

Juan Rodriguez ! do ... 

Cosnu' Reyes Mar. 6 

K. I'^rancisco ,\sis ! do ... 

Pedro S, Magdangal j do ... 

Nicasio Manalo | do ... 

Honorio Lazam i Apr. 9 

G. L. M. Saxton ] do . . . 

Carl F.Miller I Apr. 10 

Tonias Ortiz ! do ... 

Pheljis Whitmarsh j Apr. 12 

Francisco de (iuznian do ... 

Floreutino Milanes ; do ... 



Jose l^lobrera , 

Guillernio Fortes 

Charles Muller 

Potenciauo Lesaca 

Saiitiagi.) Calixto 

Gri'gorio Bonilla 

Charles Muller 

Teodoro de Castro 

Severo Madrid 

F'rancisco Enaje de Jesus 

Lucio Lising 

Jos(5 Mufioz 

do 

Rufino Quinison 

Francisco Ruiz Caniacho. 

Fausto Onnaeclica 

Mercer, Nugent tV ('o 

Cirilo de Perio 

Alberto T. Gomez 

Feliciano Farrales 

Francisco Urizar 

Bias Pantaleon 



...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
Apr. 12 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
Apr. 19 

do... 

Apr. 22 

do ... 

Mav 3 
May 14 
....do... 



Zambales 

Masbate Island . . . 

Bataan 

Pangasinan 

Bulacan 

Pampanga 

do 

Romblon 

Tavabas 

Iloilo 

do 

Benguet 

Zamboanga 

Benguet 

Pampanga 

Masbate Island . . . 

Matti 

Zamboanga 

Matti 

Leyte Island 

Cagayan 

Pangasinan 

Masbate Island . . . 

Bataan 

Basilan Island 

Zambales 

Leyte Island 

Comandag Island . 

Batangas 

Leyte Island 

Sainar Island 

Davos, Mindanao . 

Morong 

Tieao, Masbate 

Laguna 

Morong 

Nueva Ecija 

Capiz 

Morong 

Leyte Island 

Tablas, Romblon. . 

Levte 

....".do 



Laguna 

Masbate Island . 

do 

do 

Tayabas 

Laguna 

Nueva Ecija 

Laguna 

Lsabela 

Masbate Island . 

Basilan Island . . 

Nueva Ecija — 

Benguet 

Union . . 

do 

do 

do 

Ntieva Ecija 

Zambales 

Tavabas 

do 

Monong 

Sorsogon 

do 

Bilivan Islands . 

Tarlac 

Principe 

do 



Luzon. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Panay. 

Do. 
Luzon. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Mindanao. 
Do. 
Do. 

Luzon. 
Do. 

Do. 



Leyte. 
Luzon. 



Nueva Ecija . 
do 

Albay 

Zambales 

do 

do 

do 

Cagayan 

North Ilocos . 



Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Panay. 
Luzon. 



Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 



Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Leyte. 
Luzon. 
• Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 



REPORT OF FORESTRY HURP^AU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



29 



Licenses (jraiitid l>i/ flu- fori'slri/ hnreau, Manila, P. I. — Continued. 
TIMBER LICENSES— Continued. 



No. 



326 
3'J7 
32.S 
329 
330 
331 
332 
333 
334 
335 
336 
337 
338 
339 
340 
341 
342 
343 
344 
34.5 
346 
347 
348 
349 
350 
351 
362 
353 
354 
365 
356 
357 
358 
359 
360 
361 
362 
363 
364 
365 
366 
367 
368 
369 
370 
371 
372 
373 
374 
375 
376 
377 
378 
379 
380 
381 
:^2 
383 
384 
385 
386 
387 
388 
389 
390 
391 
392 
393 
394 
395 
396 
397 
39S 
399 
400 
401 
402 
403 
404 
405 



Licensee. 



Date. 



Location. 



Province. 



1901. 

Juan Ortega May 14 

Juliim .\. Yiirgea do ... 

("irilip Kstclla do ... 

Time ltd p .Manzano ' do ... 

.'^erviliana Veleses | do ... 

Wiltpiir .1. McKee do ... 

Kafael Calvo j do ... 

Florencio Dequito 1 do ... 

Luis N. Baza do ... 

Manuel .\vala do ... 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

Mav 15 

...do... 

...do... 

May 16 

...do... 

Mav 17 

...do... 

Mav 21 

Mav 22 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

Mav 28 

...do... 
....do... 

Mav 29 

...do... 

...do... 

Mav 31 

...do... 

June 1 

...do... 

...do... 

...do... 

June 3 

...do... 
....do... 

...do... 
....do... 

...do... 

...do... 
....do... 

June 10 
....do... 

June 11 
....do... 
....do... 

June 13 
....do... 
....do... 

June 17 
....do... 
....do... 
....do... 
....do... 
....do... 

June 19 
....do... 

June 21 
....do... 
....do... 

June 24 
....do... 
....do... 



Kafai'l Calvo 

Mariano Unandia 

I'aciauo Rizal Mercado 

Silvc.'^tR- Siping 

.\lfjan(ir( > Quisumbing 

Jose A. Zaparain 

Domingo Lavin 

PcrlVcto Tomas Garces 

Foli.x Roblos de la Rama 

Joso Diaz Aguilar 

Ramon Lagdameo 

Jose V. Castellano 

Feliza Viejo 

T.C. Manurl 

Martin Sansianco 

John H. Carter 

Patricio Bailon 

do 

Federico Ignasio y Pana (Chino) 

Celestino Mercader 

Harry M . Luresett 

A. Iturri & R. Maiiereu & Co. . . 

Lorenzo C. Afable 

Saturnino Sta. Quana 

Eugenio Diaz 

Benito V. Cervera 

Mariano Xovales 

J. W. Winkelbach 

Francisco Bayan 

Mclchor Castejon 

Miguel Logarta 

Tei )doro Sandico 

Antonio Sacz 

M. Peypoch & Co 

Buenaventura Ochangeo 

Albert D'Arcy 

Pedro Constantino 

Gcrvasio I'nson 

Cipriano P. Cruz 

Benigno Diaz 

Wm.Keill 

Jose Barrierro 

Natalio R\illado 

Gabriel Tabora 

Vicente Puzon 

Francisco .Sanz 

Mariano Suarez 

Manuel Palal'ox 

Ense1>io ()iig Tuaco 

.\iiilres Barea 

Marcelo Barba 

Pedro L. Valdez 

Taciano Delgado 

Melecio Lexon 

Melquiades Limpico 

M. Jap Sioco (Chinese | 

Cavetano de Chinchilla 

do 

Domingo Ferrer 

Isidro Pareno 

Cecil io Gonzalez 

Ci isme de Churruca. agent 

Feli.sa \'iejo 

Taciaui > Delgado 

Ti )nias Blanco 

Teodoro Jatco 

Felipe Caharion 

Joaiiuiii Castro 

Tomas Gomez 

Manuel Arbona 



Nueva Ecija Luzon. 

do Do. 

Zambales Do. 

do Do. 

Bulacan Do. 

Morong Do. 

Tayabas Do. 

do Do. 

do Do. 

Camarines Norte Do. 

Camarines Sur Do. 

Albay Do. 

do Do. 

do Do. 

Romblon Island of Sibuyan. 

Ley te Luzon. 

Samar 

Camote Island Cebu. 

Guimaras Island Iloilo. 

Leyte Luzon. 

Samar 

Zambales Do. 

Tayabas Do. 

Nueva Ecija Do. 

Romblon 

Zambales Do. 

Sorsogon Do. 

Albay Do. 

Tayabas Do. 

Sorsogon Do. 

Surigao 

Camarines Norte Do. 

Levte Do. 

....'.do Do. 

do Do. 

Surigao Mindanao. 

do Do. 

Tayabas Luzon. 

Bulacan Do. 

Romblon 

Leyte Do. 

Nueva Ecija Do. 

Concepcion Iloilo. 

Tayabas Luzon. 

Bulacan Do. _ 

Principe Do. ' 

Tavabas Do. 

do Do. 

Nueva Ecija Do. 

Manila 

Nueva Ecija Luzon. 

Laguna Do. 

Union Do. 

do Do. 

do Do. 

Sibuyan Romblon. 

Bulacan Luzon. 

North Ilocos Do. 

Laguna Do. 

do Do. 

North Ilocos Do. 

do Do. 

Laguna Do. 

do Do. 

do Do. 

Romblon 

Neu va Ecija Do. 

Pangasinan Do. 

do Do. 

do Do. 

do Do. 

Leyte I Do. 

Bataan ] Do. 

Rizal Do. 

Masbate 

do Do. 

Laguna I Do. 

Ali.samis | Mindanao. 

Leyte | 

Bataan I Luzon. 



30 



KKl^OKT OF FORESTRY BIJREAIT, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



Licenses (/ranted by the forentry bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued. 
TIMBER LICENSES— Continued. 



Licensee. 



Date. 



Antonio Munoz i June 24 

Anlduio KMinuindo Juno 2G 



Josv Mij.-uT.s 

Kalhind Limpieo 

Meliton Kuiz 

InchauMti Co 

Ignacio I'rota 

W.M.Taylor 

Quentin Matanaran 

Angel Banaaz 

Cipriano P. Cruz 

Nicolas Galvin 

Martin Vinluan 

George I. Tanls 

....do 

Harry F. Kendall 

G. W. Langford 

Enrique I^ar 

Fernando Jansiango 

Franrisco (iaroia Vergara . . 

Severo Sanchez 

J. H.(;rcl'kcns 

Braulio Kloriaso 

Quirinii Timoteo 

Lucas I'rado 

GrcLiorio Bangalan 

Clenicntc Maiiuiraya 

Tranciinliono Taiiuinod 

Hcrnid'^'^fncs Tantiangco .. . 

Grcgiiriii Ta la vera 

Buenaventura Banzon 

Pn )tasi(> Cuaderno 

Francisco Codina 

Mariano Moreno 

A. L. Biraloss (agent) 

.....do 

Vicente Mijares 

Ramnn Ijagdameo 

Verisimo Va.squez , 

Henry Strauss 

Arend Van Wissnigen 

H. A. Sanger , 

do 

Frank L. Bourns 

Benite Legarda 

Denietrio Tuason 

Ball lino Ijinipuco 

Juan Palmer 

do 

do 

Josc' Izquierdo 

Juan Palmer 

Andres Diaz Rodriguez 

Leoncio J. ArauUo 

Fianeisco Rodriguez 

Manuel Paves Guana 

Domingo Gutierrez 

Luis .\siuici6n 

SiniDn liainos 

Manuel Miguez 

Julian A. Jargea 

Pantaleon Garcia 

John Bordman, jr 

do 

A. M. Eaton, jr 

do 

do 

Vicente Gay 

Igidio Llanes 

Francisco Brillante 

Remigio Hanico Bernardo. 
Marcial Estella 



Location. 



Province. 



Bataan Luzon 



...do... 
...do... 
June 28 
...do... 
...do... 
June 29 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
....do.. 

do .. 

July 1 
....do.. 
July 3 
....do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 
July G 
....do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 
....do... 
Julv 8 
....do... 
....do... 
....do... 
July 9 
....do... 
....do... 
July 10 
....do... 
....do... 
....do... 
....do... 
....do... 
....do... 
....do... 
....do... 
....do... 
July 12 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
Julv 13 
...do.. 
...do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 
July 15 
....do.. 
....do.. 



Manila . 

Leyte 

Nueva Ecija 

Sorsogon 

....do 

Nueva Ecija 

Misamis 

Cavite 

Rizal 

Bataan , 

Pangasinan 

....do 

Leyte 

do 

Bataan 

North II0C0.S 

Bataan 

Nueva Ecija 

Tavabas 

Tarlac 

Bataan 

do 

Laguna 

Capiz 

Cagavan 

do 

do 

Bataan 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Camarines Norte 

Levte 

....".do 

Bataan 

Tayabas 

Marinduque 

Bataan 

Principe 

Rizal 

Infanta 

Paragua 

do 

do 

Bulacan 

Bataan 

Zambales 

Pampanga 

Tarlac 

do 

Nueva Ecija 

Bataan 

Camarines Norte 

Bataan 

Romblon 

Laguna 

Bulacan 

Paragua 

Bulacan 

do 

Iloilo 

do 

(^alamianes Islands . 

Iloilo 

do 

Occidental Negros . . 

Zambales 

Bataan 

Luban 

Zambale.s , 



Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Mindanao. 
Luzon. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Panay. 
Luzon. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Panav. 

Do. 

Do. 
Do. 



Luzon. 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



31 



Licenses granted h]i tltc farcMrii hurcatt, Mmdla, P. I. — Continued. 

FIREWOOD LICENSES. 



No. 



Licensee. 



Date. 



Province. 



1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 

n 

12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
2^ 
26 
27 
28 
29 

30 

31 

32 
33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 i 

40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 

51 

52 

53 

54 

55 

56 

57 

58 

59 

60 

61 

62 

63 

64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 



Francisco Garcia y Vcrgara 

HcriiiufJTcncs Tan Tiangco 

Ramon l-aj^daineo 

John Orr 

....do .• 

Philippine Lumber and Development Co 

....do 

Herhcrt R. Spencer 

Ramon Sanz 

JoK" Izqnierdo 

Mariano Vega 

do 

Marcclo Tiglao 

Jap tjuian 

MiinucI Xicto 

Folix Bautista 

Sixtd Sim Agustin 

Carlos Si'rraiio 

do 

do 

Antonio Correa y Pomar (agent) 

Marcelini) Tongco 

Clari) l.agdnmeo Evangelisto 

VictoriiUHP Guiamboa 

Forbes .Viiderson 

I'rbiino Benito 

Gregorio de Jesus 

Jose Iz(iuierdo 

.\ntonio Domingucz 

do 

Ignaeio Naval 

Jose .Mnieda 

Miguel Antiporda 

Johan Thodcer Lund 

Ccnon Rodriguez 

Mariano Tactaquin 

Francisco Garcia 

Li'on Trinidad 

.\ntonio de <iuzman 

Victoriano L. Evangelista 

Antonio Maximo 

Vicente Tri viiio 

Felipe G. Calderon 

do 

Emelio Pcni 

Jose Corpus 

Alberto F. Gomez 

Carlos I'lanes 

Ramon Asuncion 

Douato Quico 

Vicente Camara 

Jose Caballero 

Pablo Arcusa 

Juan Macedo 

Per August Pearson 

Ignacio Al varado , 

Mariano dc Leon 

Mauro Prieto 

Victoriano Jimenez 

Dimas Colmenar 

Dimas Colcmanar 

Maiuicl Murciano 

Sio Chienglc (Chinese) 



A.W.Prantch 

Gregorio R. Santos (agent) 

do 

do 

Mariano Zapico 

Carlos Tria Tirona 

Zacarias .Xsui'cion 

Joaquiti Bayot 

Gregorio Maniuez 

Bartolome Tablante 

Martina Sicat 

Mariano Velasco 

do 

Francisco Martinez 

Flaviano .\goncillo 



1900. 
Julv 8 
Jnlv 10 
Julv 12 
Julv 21 
....do... 
Aug. 1 
....do... 
Aug. 3 
Aug. 9 
Aug. 13 
Aug. 17 
....do.. 
Aug. 21 
Aug. 22 
Avig. 23 
Aug. 28 
Sept. 5 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
Sept. 15 
...do... 
Sept. 19 
Oct. 1 
...do... 
,...do... 
....do... 
Oct. 3 
....do... 
....do... 
....do... 
Oct. 12 
Oct. 20 
Oct. 23 
Oct. 27 
Nov. 6 
....do... 
Nov. 8 
Nov. 19 
Nov. 26 
....do... 
....do... 
Nov. 28 
...do... 
...do... 
Nov. 30 
...do... 
...do... 
Dec. 1 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
Dec. 3 
....do... 



Dec. 8 
Dec. 10 
...do.. 
...do.. 
Dec. 15 
...do.. 
Dec. 15 
...do.. 
...do.. 

1901. 
Jan. 6 
Jan. 7 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 



....do... 
Jan. 8 
Jan. 9 
....do... 
....do... 
....do.'.. 



Tayabas. 

Bataan. 

Tavabas. 

■ Do. 
Camarines Sur. 
Camarines Norte. 
Camarines Sur. 
Bataan. 
Masbate. 
Pampanga. 
Tarlac. 
Pangasinan. 
Pampanga. 
Tarlac. 
Albay. 
Bataan. 

Do. 
Ma.sbate. 
Ticao Island. 
Burias Island. 
Cagayan. 
Bataan. 
Tayabas. 
Bataan. 
Tayabas. 
Manila. 
Sorsogon. 
Tarlac. 
Pampanga. 
Tarlac. 
Bataan. 
Tarlac. 

Morong (Binongonan). 
Bataan. 
Manila. 
Pangasinan. 
Tayabas. 
Pampanga. 
Bataan. 
Tavabas. 

Do. 
Ma.sbate Island. 
Manila. 
Morong. 
Masbate Island. 
Zambales. 

Do. 
Masbate Island. 
Bataan. 

Do. 
Zambales. 
Romblon Island. 
Cavite. 
Zambales. 
Manila. 
Cagavan. 

Do. 
Tayabas. 
Pampanga. 
Cavite. 
Bataan. 
Tarlac. 
Pampanga. 

Do. 

Morong. 
Bataan. 
Bulacan. 
Bataan. 

Do. 
Sorsogon. 
Masbate Island. 
Tayabas. 
Painpanga. 

Do. 
Manila. 
Morong. 

Romblon Island. 
Tayabas. 



32 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



Licenses ciranted hy tJie forcstri/ bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued. 
FIREWOOD LICENSES— Continued. 



Licensee. 




James roller 

Cleiiiei lie Zarate 

Pedro X'asiHR'Z 

•Jose Zulueta 

Paulino (iiiillermo 

Antonio ( 'orrea y Pomar (agent) 
Esteljan L. Manzano 
Sucesores de S. Valensuela 
Jeroninu) de Jesus 
Timoteo Sevilla 
Agri'.iina <le Guzman 
Frank S. Bourns (agent) 
do 



M. A. Clarke 
Jolin Corrigan 
John F. Macleod 
Franeiseo Sainz 
John .I.Macleod 
Luis HiiUilK 
Jose Alniaria 
W.N.Swartliout 
Juan Dohhi: 
Mariano Alionzo 
JuaTi ( 

Jose Harriero 
Felix Kstella 
Isaae Mosijuerra 
Oug Joe 

Catalino Garingalas. 
Mercer, Nugent & Co 

Severiuo Ruato 

O. Orehard 

Daniel Corvell 

Macario Marco Feb. 25 

Ja)i Siang (Chinese) 

Mariano Noble Jost? 

Valeriano Cando 

Juan de la Paz 

Isidoro del Castillo 

Adriana Dolores 

Telesl'i in < ( \ mcepcion 

Severino del Castillo 

Felicia no Tecson 

Julio Bautista 

Marcial Kstella 

Eulalio Misa. 

Liin-Dig-Cliiat 

Juan K<i(lriguez 

Mariano .Mendoza 

Cristino Javier 

Tonias Amansee 

Luciano Bernuides 

Valerio Rua. 

Poteuciano Jurmul 

Claro Pascual 

Crisjiina Cuiambas 

Ciriaco Bautista 

Marcelino Aguirro 

Inoceucio Ramos 

Santiairo Calixto 

Severo Madrid 

1'. Liiwton Wightman 

Bartolonu > Tablante 

Protasio (^uaderno 

Federico Kauffman (agent) 

Manuel .Vrbona 

Francisco Urizar 

Wilbur. I. McLee ....do. 

Fidel P. Sias | do . 

Cesario Oganiza ' do . 

Rafael ( 'al vo I do . 

Mariano Ouandia I do . 

Severiuo Valeses do . 

Cornelio Malibiran 

Luis Samson 

Tomas l\odriguez 

Crescencio Rebullada 
Cauuto del ('astillo... 
Jose V. Castellano 



Province. 



Iloilo. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Cagayan. 
Iloilo. 
Zambales. 
Morong. 
Tayabas. 
Bataan. 
Morong. 
Zamboanga. 
Benguet. 

Do. 
Laguna. 

Matti, Mindanao. 
Zamboanga. 
Matti. 
Cagayan. 
Tayabas. 
Bataan. 
("agayan. 
Bataan. 
Tayabas. 
Morong. 
Zambales. 
Iloilo, Panav. 

Do. 

Do. 
Zambales. 
Pampanga. 
Morong. 

Tieao, Mindanao. 
Laguna. 
Pampanga. 
Pangasinan. 
Nueva Ecija. 
Iloilo, Panay. 
Batangas. 
Manila. 
Bulacan. 
Morong. 
Bataan. 
Zambales. 

Do. 

Do. 
Bataan. 
Masbate. 
Batangas. 
Pangasinan. 

Do. 

Do. 
Cavite. 
Bataan. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Capiz. 
Tayabas. 
Sorsogon. 
Lagima. 
Tarlac. 
Laguna. 
Panay Island. 
Bataan. 
('agayan. 
IMorong. 
Pangasinan. 

Do. 
Tavabas. 
Albay. 
Bulacan. 
Bataan 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Zambales 



KEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 33 

Licenses granted by the fore/^lrt/ hnreav, Manila, P. I. — Continued. 
FIKKWOOI) LICENSES— Contiiuiod. 



No. 



Licensee. 



Date. 



Province. 



159 

160 

161 

162 

163 

164 

165 

166 

167 

168 

169 

170 

171 

172 

173 

174 

175 

176 

177 

178 

179 

180 

181 

182 

183 

184 

185 

186 

187 

188 

189 

190 

191 

192 

1 

2 

3 

4 

6 

€ 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 



Jos(5 Diaz .\gnilar 

.\ntoni() Lopez 

Felisa Viojo 

Jnsto (Jiirciu 

Oiif,'-Tinnc< ) 

Fl(iriii(i( > I )equito 

M. >L KiKiiera.s 

Rafael ("a! vo 

Felix Rubles de la Rama 

Ramon Lagdameo 

Juan Jaldon 

Patricio Bavlon 

... .do ■ 

Celestino Mercader 

.\nt. Iturri it Ramon Manueri. 

Tomas Klaiieo 

Francisco Bayan 

Antonio Saiz 

M. Peypocli cV Co 

Estetian Cervantes 

Ped n p M agcasi 

Cirilo Manalota 

Gabriel ( 'ord de Cruz 

Luis Sorriano 

Jose Barriero 

Evaristo Ortiz 

Elena Brodeth 

Flaviana Cuninan 

Marianf) Mangonan 

Evarista Ortiz 

Cosnie de Churruca (agent) . . . 

Joaquin Buenviaje 

Floreneio Melieoton 

Florentina Fria 

AiiKel Banaag 

Engracio .Santiago 

Thomas F. Page 

Francisco Garcia Vergara 

Protasio Cuaderno 

Buenaventura Banzon 

Ramon Lagdameo 

Frank S. Bourns 

Benito Legarda 

Denietrio Juason 

Jose Grialte 

A. M.Eaton, jr 

do 

Francisco Brillante 

Agajiito Dionisio 

Aypolonio Banuclos 

l)oiHiuga Salandanan 



1901. 
Mav 14 

....do... 

....do... 

....do... 

....do... 

....do... 

....do... 

....do... 

....do... 

....do... 

....do... 
Mav 16 

....do... 
IMav 17 
Mav 22 
May 28 

....do... 
Mav 29 

....do... 
May 31 
June 1 

....do... 

....do... 

....do... 
June 5 

....do... 

....do... 

....do... 
June 17 

....do... 

....do... 
June 19 
June 24 
June 28 
July 3 

....do... 

....do... 
July 6 

....do... 

....do... 
July 8 
July 10 

....do... 

....do... 
July 12 
July 13 

....do... 

....A(S... 
July 15 

....do... 

....do... 



Leyte. 

Morong. 

Tavabas. 

Tarlac. 

Tavabas. 

Do. 
Hollo, Panay. 
Camarines Sur. 
Iloilo, Panay. 
Samar. 
Zamboanga. 
Sorsogon. 
Albay. 
Sorsogon. 
Camarines Norte. 
Masbate. 
Bulacan. 

Concepcion, Iloilo. 
Tayabas. 
Bulacan. 

Do. 
Pampanga. 
Tayabas. 
Bataan. 
Laguna. 
Pampanga. 
Iloilo, Panay. 
Bataan. 
Pangasinan. 
Tarlac. 
Leyte. 

Morong, Rizal Prov. 
Capiz, Panay. 
Bataan. 

Morong, Rizal Prov. 
Pampanga. 
Laguna. 
Tayabas. 
Bataan. 

Do. 
Tayabas. 
Paragua. 

Do. 

Do. 
Morong, Rizal Prov. 
Iloilo. 

Do. 
Bataan. 
Pampanga. 

Do. 
Bataan. 



DYEWOOD LICENSES. 



No. 


Licenses. 


Date. 


Location. 


Province. 


1 




1901. 
Jan. 1 
Jan. 24 

do ... 

do 


Panay 


Iloilo. 


2 


Frias y Ca 

John T. Maclcod 

do 

Francisco Sainz 

Jose Tulueta 

Clemente Tarate 

Dan'l Coryell 

Po-Guiao 

Manuel Perez de Eagle 

John H. Carter 


do 


Do. 


3 




Matti. 


4 


do 


Do. 


5 


do ... 


do 


Zamboanga. 


6 


Feb. 15 
do 




Iloilo. 


7 


. . .do 


Do. 


8 


Feb. 21 
Feb. 25 
Mar. 7 
May 15 
June 26 
July 13 
do 




Masbate. 


9 




Iloilo. 


10 


do 


Do. 


11 


Luzon 


Zambales. 


12 


do 


Tavabas. 


1 


A. M. Eaton, jr 

do 




Iloilo. 


2 


.do . 


Do. 











11064—01- 



34 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



Licenncii granted by the forestry bareitn, Mdiiila, F. I. — Continued. 
LICENSES FOR RUBBER, GUMS, GUTTA-PERCHA, ETC. 



No. 



Guillermo Caldes 

Ramon Sanz 

Ramon Lacdamso 

Carlos Serrano 

do 

do 

Antonio Correa y Pamar, as 
representative of the "Cam- 
pania Gral de Tabacosde Fili- 
pinas." 

Claro Lacdimies Evangelista . . . 

^liituti' HunnaiKi.s 

KstanisliM) Corral 

Luis Ariiiildt 

FruiK'iscd Garcia 

Victoriaiio L. Evangelista 

Antonio Maximo 

Vicente Crivino 

Vicente Caiiuira 

Jose ("aballero 



Antonio Correa y Pamar (agent) 

Tan Iceo '. 

Frank S. Bourns (agent) 

John Macleod 

John Macleod 

Francisco Sainz 

Luis Hidal,t;o 

Cliicotc y Sanchez y Ca 

Eclesforo Kayani 

Gregorio Banilla 

Francisco Urizar 

Rafael Calvo 

do 



Date. 



1900 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Sept. 

do 

....do 
Sept. 



Sept. 
Sept. 
...do 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
...do 
...do 
Dec. 
...do 
1901 
Jan. 
Jan. 
...do 
i Jan. 
...do 
...do 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Apr. 
...do 
Mav 
...do 
...do 



Mariano onandia 

Juan .hildon 

J.W.Winkelbaek 

Mclclior Ciistejon 

Francisco Sanz 

M.l'cyiioch y Ca 

Cosme de Chirruca (agent) 

Justo Porcnna 

Tomas Blanco 



....do 
...do 
May 
May 
J une 
June 
June 
June 
July 



Location. 



Sibuyan Island 
Masbate Island 

Tayabas 

Masbate 

Cicao Island . . . 
Burias Island . . 
Cagayan 



Tayabas 

Davao 

do 

Tayaba.s 

do 

do 

do 

Masbate Island 

Zambales 

Romblon 



Tavaba.s 

....".do 

Zamboanga 

Malti 

do 

Zamboanga 

Cagayan 

Davao 

Zambales 

Tayabas 

Caiayan Island . . 

Tayabas 

South Camarines 

Albay 

Zamboanga 

Davao 

Tablas 

Sibuyan 

Tayabas 

Leyte 

Tayabas 

Masbate Island .. 



Province. 



Romblon. 
Masbate. 
Luzon. 
Masbate. 

Do. 

Do. 
Luzon. 



Do. 
Mindanao. 

Do. 
Luzon. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Masbate. 
Luzon. 
Romblon. 

Luzon. 
Do. 

Mindanao. 

Do. 

Do. 
Luzon. 
Mindanao. 
Luzon. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Mindanao. 

Do. 
Romblon. 

Do. 
Luzon. 
Leyte. 
Luzon. 
Masbate. 



GRATUITOUS LICENSE. 



Tomas Ganara 

Silvino Isla 

Leoncio Paras 

Cosme Lasmarias. . 

Leoncio Paras 

Alcalde municipal 



Lieut. L. H. Rand 

Captai n Tia iiza 

Peter Buckley 

John F. Reaves 

Sct,i;cant Miller, Signal Corps.. 

Lieut. Basil O. Lenoir 

Padre Patricio Calderon 

Lieut. VV. H. H. Chapman 

Lieut. Robert H Brooks 

Maj. VV.N. Wotherspoon 

Lieutenant Stickle 

Capt.I. P.O'Neil 

Presidente municipal of Cama- 
laniugan. 

Nicolas Marzal 

Boni facia Keves 

Colonel MccAskcy 

Leaudro Coroncl 

Grcgorio P. .Vntonio 

I'helps Whitmarsh 

Presidente municipal of Mon- 
cada. 

Capt. H. L. Draper 

do 

Presidente municipal of Pam- 
plona. 

Alcalde municipal of Dagupan 



1900, 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Dec. 

1901 
Jan. 
....do 
....do 
....do 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Apr. 
Apr. 
Apr. 
Mav 
....do 
June 



Luzon . 

do. 

do. 

do. 

2,3 do. 

28 t do. 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



.do 

.do 

Pan de Azucar . 

Luzon 

do 

do 



Juno 10 do 

do do 

June 18 i do 

June 19 do 

do do 

June 20 do 

June 21 do 

June 27 do 

do do 

June 29 Pamplona. 



.do. 



Luzon 



Tarlae. 

Do. 

Do. 
Union. 
Tarlae. 

Do. 

Zambales. 
Benguet. 

Do. 

Do. 
Cagayan. 

Manila. 

Iloeos Norte. 

Zambales. 

Iloilo. 

Nueva Ecija. 

Zambales. 

Cagayan. 

Zambales. 

Do. 
Iloeos Norte. 
Pampanga. 

Do. 
Benguet. 
Tarlae. 

Bataan. 

Zambales. 

Cagayan. 

Pangasinan, 



REPORT OF FORESTRi' BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



35 



Genera I 



iUM. Ok HERS, \ 

No. 92. J 



Oi'FicE U. S. Military Governor, Philippine Islands, 

Manila, P. I., June 27, 1900. 
The following provisions ba^ed on existing law, and amendatory thereto, prescribing 
the tariff on State timber, and regulations for the utilization of forest products in the 
public forests of the Philippine Islands, shall have the force and effect of law on and 
after July 1, 1900; but existing law on the same subjects shall remain valid, except 
in so far as herein modified or repealed, expressly, or by necessary implication. 



Chaiter I. — Tariff on State timber and instructions for its application. 

Article 1. Timber shall be classified into six groups as indicated in the tables below. 

Art. 2. The unit of measure shall be, for the present, the cubic foot. It is recom- 
mended that lumber dealers accustom their employees to the use of the metric system. 

Art. 3. The price per cubic foot for the valuation of State timber shall be as indi- 
cated in the following table. The price shall be the same in all parts of these islands: 

[Cents per cubic foot.] 

Superior group 14 

First group 10 

Second group 8 

Third group 3 

Fourth group 2 

Fifth group 1 

Art. 4. The State sells its trees standing, excluding the bark in measuring the tree. 

Art. 5. Inasmuch as the measurement of standing timber can not always be made, 
for lack of available forestry employees, the concessioners may stack the timber 
hewn or cut up, subject to the additional charges hereinafter provided. 

Art. 6. In round timber the length of the piece and the circumference in the 
middle section shall be measured. 

Art. 7. When the logs are presented rough hewn — i. e., where a section is approxi- 
mately octagonal (four sides being hewn and the other four with the bark on) — the 
dimensions shall be taken by measuring the length and average transverse section, 
but said section shall be a quadrilateral, formed by prolonging the four larger sides — 
i. e., the four hewn sides. 

Art. 8. If the logs be hewn square, the contents shall be ascertained by measuring 
the length and an average transverse section, but in such cases the valuation shall 
be increased 25 per cent for the wood lost in hewing the tree square. 

Art. 9. The cubic contents of sawed timber shall be ascertained as in the preceding 
article, carrying out the figures to tenths of a cubic "point;" but the increase in 
valuation (to make up for loss in the sax^ing) shall be limited to 15 per cent. 

Art. 10. Wood of the Camagon tree, when presented stripped of its inner bark or 
surplusage, using only the heart wood, as is the custom of the trade, shall be meas- 
ured according to the cubic contents actually presented, but the valuation shall be 
increased 100 per cent. 

Art. 11. Lcjgs of ebony trimmed down in like manner to the black hard wood 
shall be measured according to the cubic contents actually presented, as in the 
preceding case, but the valuation shall be increased 200 per cent. 

Art. 12. The woods of groups 3, 4, and 5 only may be cut for fuel. 

Art. 13. Classification of woods as per first article: 

I. SUPERIOR GROUP. 



No. 



Popular names. 



Calantas . 
Camagon 
Dungon . . 
Ebano ... 

Ipil 

Mancono. 
Molave... 

Narra 

Teca 

Tindalo . . 

Yacal 

Urung ... 



Scientific names. 



Cedrela Toona Roxb. 

Dio.ipyros discolor Willd. 

Heritiera silvatica Vidal. 

Mnba biixifolia Fors. 

Afzelia bijuga A. Gray. 

Xiinthostemon Verdugonianus, Naves. 

Vitex altissima Li. 

PtiTocariius iudicus Willd. 

Tfctona grandis Li. 

Afzelia rhomboidea Vidal. 

Hiipea plagata Vidal. 

Fragraea fragans Roxb. 



36 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

II. FIRST GROL-P. 



No. 



Popular names. 



Acle 

Alahan 

Camphor 

Aliiitatao 

Ainil)inK 

BansahiKuiii 

Batifuling 

Batitinan 

Bavuco 

Bctis 

Caimining 

Cubi 

Jara 

LaiR'ta 

Malatapay 

Calamansaiiay 

Camayuan or Tamauyan 



Scientific names. 



Pitliocolobium acle, Viflal. 

Diospiros. 

Cinnamomum caiiipluiratuin, Bl. 

Diospiros. 

Artocarpus oflorata, Blanco. 

Minmsop parvifolia, Hr. 

Litsca Pcrrottctii.B.cl 11. 

Lafjcrstrii'iiiia Batitinan, Willd. 

Artdcarims laiicculata, Tree. 

Azaola btti.s, Blanco. 

Murraya exotica, Li. 

Artocarpus Cumingiana, Trecul. 

Garcinia. 

Wriglitia ovata, A. I). ('. 

Alanguium octopctaluni, Blanco. 

Terminalia Calamansanay, Rolfe. 

Gino.sporia. 



III. SECOND GROUP. 



Agoho 

Alalangat 

Alpay 

Alupac-amo. .. 
Amuguis 1st . . 

Aranga 

Banaba 

Banitan 

Batino 

Bayuco 2cl 

Bahnvo 

Bilolo 

Bolong eta 

Calimantao . . . 

Calingag 

Cana fistula. .. 

Catmon 

Dolitan 

Dungon-latc . . 

Guijo 

Guipato 

Guisihan 

Lanutan 

Macaasln 

Madre cacao . . 
Malacadios . . . 

Malacapon 

Malacatmou . . 
Malaruhat 

30 1 Mangachiiiaiy 

31 I MaHLrasiiiiivo. . 
Mangasiriiiuc. 

Marang 

Mulauin aso . . 
Nangca 

36 I Nato 

37 I Oavan 

38 Paitan 

39 ' Palavcn 

40 Palo Maria.... 

41 I Pasac 

42 j Pusopuso 

43 I Romero 

44 I Sirique 

45 Supa . 

46 ~ 
47 
48 



Tanguile 

Toob or Tua 
Tucan-calao 



Casuarina sequisetifolia, Li. 

Adenantera pavonina, Li. 

Xcphcliuni .tjlabrnm, Noronch. 

Ncplifliuni l(iii>fana. Cams. 

Odiiia si)eci()sa, Bl. 

Honialiiun, Barandse. Vidal. 

Lagcrstracmia, Flos Reginae, Ret. 

Xyl(ii)ia BlancDi, Xal. 

Alstonia macrophylla, Willd. 

Artocarpus. ' 

Albizzia. 

Sizygium. 

Diospyros pilosanthera, Bl. 

Evodia. 

Cinnamomum Mercadoi, Vidal. 

(';issia fistula. Li. 

Dillenia philippinensi, Li. 

l'alai|uiuin. 

Hcriticra littoralis, Drians. 

Diptcnicarpus Gui.so, Bl. 

•? 

Ratonia montana, Bt. et Hook. 

Thespe.sia Campylociphon, Rolf. 

Eugenia. 

Glirisidia maculata, B. A. H. 

Mvristica. 



Dillenia Reiffercheidia, Fer. V. 

Eugenia. 

Shorea Mangachapuy, Bl. 

Shorea. 

Que re us. 

Artocarpus. 

Prcmna nauseosa, Blanco. 

Artocarpus integrifolia, Li. 

Stereulia. 

Quercus Blaucoy, A. D. C. 

Eugenia. 

Quercus. 

Calopyllum inopliyllum, Li. 

Pygeiim arboreum", Endl. 

Litseachinensis, Lam. 

Podocarpus costalis, Presl. 

Quercus. 

Sindora Wallichii, Benth. 

Shorea Talura. Roxb. 

Biscofia .Javaniica, Bl. 

Stereulia. 



IV. THIRD GROUP. 



Abilo 

Alagao 

Alamag 

Aden paran 

Anagap 

Aninapla ... 
Anobling ... 



Garuga Floribunda, Dene. 

Premna vestila, Schaner. 

Aporosa. 

Albizzia. 

Pithecolobium labatmn, Benth. 

Albizzia procera, B. 

Talauma Angatensis, Vidal. 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 37 

IV. THIRD GROUP— Continued. 



Popular names. 



Scientific names. 



Anonang 

Anatan 

Apitoug 

Bagarilao 

Bagarilao na itim. 

Baguilumboy 

Bahay ." 

Balinhasay 

Balobo 

Balucanat 

Banitan 

Batete 

Batobato 

Bayabas 

Bayoc 

Bitoc 

Bunglas 

Calumpit 

Camanehiles 

Cansuyot 

Cunalong 

Cupang 

Dalindigan 

Dalinsi 

Danglin 

Dao 

Dinglas 

Ditaa 

Duclap 

Duguan 

Galagala 

Gatasan 

Guyonguyon 

Hagadhad 

Lauan 

Libato 

Lucban gubat 

Lunbang 

Magarapale 

Magarilao 

Malaanoiiang 

Malabayabas 

MalacadiDS 

Malacmalac 

Malasagiiin puti .. 

Maiiialis 

Manbog 

Manga 

Manungal 



Cordia mixa, Li. 

Ochna fasoicularis, Bl. 

Dipterocarpus grandiflorus, Bl. 

Nauclea. 

Terminalia. 

Si.syglum. 

Ormosia calavcnsis, Bl. 

Buchanaiiia liorida, Schaner. 

Diplddiscus [iMiiiciiliittis, Turcz. 

Alt'urites trispiTma, Bl. 

Xilopia blancoi, Xal. 

Wrightia. 

Litsea. 

Psidiiim guyabas, Li. 

PteriisptTuium acerifolium, Willd. 

Ciillophillum. 

Zizygimn. 

Teriuiiiulia edulis, Bl. 

Pithec'olobium dulce, Benth. 

Antidesma. 

Diospiro.s. 

Parkia Roxburghii, G. Don. 

Shorea. 

Terminalia. 

Grewia multiflora, Fuss. 

Dracontomelum. 

Eugenia. 

Alstonia scholaris, Li. 

Zizyphus. 

Myristica Fatua, Hoult. 

Agathi.s lorantifolia, Sabist. 

Garcinla. 

Cratoxylon floribundum, F. Will. 

Dipttrocarpus pilosus, Roxb. 

Anisoptera Thurifera, Bl. 

Cumingia philippinensis, Vidal. 

Citrus. 

Aleuritis Trisperma, Bl. 

Terminalia. 

Terminalia. 

Dipterocarpus. 

Gardenia pseudopsidium, F. Villar. 

Myristica. 

Palaquin. 

Eugenia. 

Pittosporum Fernandezii, Vidal. 

Stephegyne diversifolia, Hook. 

Magifera indica. Gaertu. 

Samadera indica, Gaertu. 



Matabao . 

Mayapis Dipterocarpus. 



Pagatpat. 

Pagsiiinguin 

Palosapis 

Paho 

Pili 

Panao (Balao) ., 

Pipi 

Pulanbalat 

Quiuay-Quinay , 

Sacat ." . . 

Saleng 

Sampoloc , 

Tabigui 

Talisay 

Tapulao 

Tacuitaqui 

Tunbona.so. 



Sonneratia acida, Li. 

Canarium Cumingii, Engl. 

Shorea. 

Mangifera altissima, Blanco. 

Canarium ovatum, Engl. 

Dipterocarpus hispidus, F. Villar. 

Litsea Garciae, Vidal. 

Sizygium. 

Bridelia. 

Terminalia sumatrana, Mig. 

Pinus insularis, Endl. 

Tamarindus indieus, Li. 

Carapa moluccensis, Lam. 

Terminalia Catappa, LI. 

Pinus Mercusii, Jungh. 

Morinda umbellata, Li. 



V. FOURTH GROUP. 



Agos-os I Ficus pungens, Reinw. 

Agupanga | Chisocheton sp. 

Alauihao Dracontonu'him. 

Alasas Ficus asparata, Bl. 

Amugan I'igeum Maiugayi, Hook. 

Amuyon Mclodoruni fulgens, H. A. T. 

Anam Biuhanania nitida, Engl. 

Anilao ( 'olumbia anilao, Bll. 

Aroma ; Acacia farnesiana L. 

Asactalong ' Phyllanthus sp. 



38 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

V. FOURTH GROUP— Continued. 



Popular names. 



Scientific names. 



Asis 

Ata-iita 

Baciiu 

Bacodong 

Bagaluga 

Bagoiiito 

Bagontao , 

Bago-santol 

Bait 

Balacat , 

Balnsabis 

Balay-bayan 

Balay-ohot 

Balibago 

Baligainban 

Balinaonao 

Baloc 

Baloc baloc 

Baluan 

Balubat 

BaUicot 

Ballan-ballan 

Banagnling 

Banah) 

Baiiato 

Banealanan 

Bancudo or Nino 

Bangate 

Bang-got 

Bani 

Batingui 

Barinconcoron... 

Barusa 

Batang-hisan 

Batican 

Bating 

Batsan 

Bausio 

Bayac-usa 

Bayit 



Bigas 

Bignay 

Bignay-calabao . 

Bilaun 

Bilucao 

Binayuyo 

Binting-dalaga . 

Binunga 

Boc-boc 

Bogo 

Boto-buti 

Botong 

Bubuy 

Cabong-cabong . 

Cabuyao 

Cacao-cacauan.. 

Cagatungan 

Calay 

Caliangtang 

Caloc-catmo 

Calumpang 

Cami-oi 

Canoniay 

Caraol 

Caropsan 

Carumanj)at 

Caturay 

Cugao 

Ctilin-manog 

Culis , 

Cuyaquia , 

Cnyas-c\iyas 

Daluroy 

Dangle 

Daniri 

Danloy 

Dimyay 

Dapdap 

Dila-dila , 

Dilang biitiinii. . 

Dondonay 

Duca ". 



Ficus heterophylla, L. 



Melia duvia, Cav. 
Cupania sp. 



Canarium. 

Zizyphus sp. 

Cupania regularis, Blume. 

Pterospermum divereifolium, Bl. 

Hibiscus tiliaceus, L. 

Capura sp. 
Sapindus sp. 
Pongamia glabra, Vent. 
Macaranga, sp. 
Anacardium sp. 
Garcinia Cowa, Roxb. 
Leea sp. 

Cordia subcordata, Lam. 
Mullotus philippinensis, Muller. 
Terminalia sp. 
Morinda bracteata, L. 



Pemphis sp. 

Dracontomelum sp. 

Dracontomelum. 

Orchipeda sp. 
Jambosa sp. 
Zizyphus sp. 

Antidesnia bunius L. 
Antidesma chaesembilla, Goertn. 
Macaranga mappa, Mueller. 
Garcinia sp. 

Antidesma cumingii, Mull. 
Micromelum sp. 
Macaranga tanarius, Mull. 
Streblus sp. 
Garuga sp. 

Barringtonia speciosa, L. 
Eriodendron anfractuosum, D. C. 

Citrus histrix, D. C. 

Talauma. 

Pygeum parvifolium, Taip. 

Xylopia. 

Leea Sambucina, Willd. 

Vidalia sp. 

Esterculia faetida, L. 

Diospyros. 
.\cacia sp. 
Linociera luzonica, Bl. 

Se.sbania grandiflora, Pers. 



Canthium Mite. Benth. 
Memecylon edule, Roxb. 
Pometia sp. 

Aglaia argentea, Bl. 

Euphorbia sp. 
Grewia sp. 

Erythrina indica, Lam. 



Dittelasma sp. 



REPORT OB^ FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 39 
V. FOURTH GROUP— Continued. 



Popular names. 



Dumpilan 

Himbabao 

HonK') 

Hopong-Hopong 

Hugud 

Kugao 

Lagasft 

Lagnig 

Lamio 

Lc'ptasao 

Libas 

Ligaa 

Ligas 

Lipote 

Lubtob 

Lunas 

Luiias-na-itim 

Llapa 

Maata 

Macaturay 

Maga ." 

Magabagaba 

Magarambulo 

Maguilic 

Malaaduas 

Malabago 

Malabonga 

Malabulac 

Malacacao 

Malacamote 

Malacauayan 

Malaciia ." 

Malaga-api 

Malaga-itiman 

Malaiba 

Malaicmo 

Malanbang 

Mahmg-daiaga 

Malai>aliti>it 

Malapapnya 

Malasamat 

Malasambong 

Malasanqui 

Malasantol 

Malatagon 

Malatigui 

Malatubie 

Malanban 

Manay 

Matan-cuao 

JIalibog 

Matobato 

Matungoc 

Mauayan 

Nanagdong 

Oonog 

Orihnon 

Paihot 

Palang 

Panialatagnon 

Pandaoaqui 

Pangilinon 

Payaquitan 

Pingol 

Postalagon 

Pototan 

Pugauy i Nelistris sp 

Purav ". 

Pntad 

Qniniang 

Quio 

Rubian 

Sagum-sagum 

Salab 

Salaniungay 

Salasic 

Saliiigogon 

Sipit-cait 

Subiim-daga 

S\iti(i-subo 

Sulipa 

!^"pi 

Surug 



Scientific names. 



Exccecaria agallocha, Mull. 
Eleocarpus sp. 



Clausena sp. 

Dracontomelum mangiferum, Bl. 

Eugenia sp. 

Scmecarpus anacardium, Li. 
Eugenia sp. 
Ficus launfolia, Bl. 
Lunasia amara, Bl. 
Gonocarum tarlacense, Vid. 



Stereospermum sp. 

Aritera rufescens, Radlk. 
Cyelostemon sp. 
Litsea sp. 

Hibiscus sp. 

Iteadaphne confusa, Bl. 

Bombax malabaricum, D. C. 

Talauma. 

Beddomea luzoniensis, Vid. 

Hemegyro.sa deficienis, Bed. 

Cletra canescens, Rauiro. 



Phyllanthus sp. 

("eltls philippinensis, Bl. 

Mai lotus sp. 

Sapindus Turczadinowii, Vid. 
Polyscia Cumingiana, Pers. 

Vernonia arborea, Ham. 
Cinnamomum sp. 
Sandoricum borneense, Mig. 
Canarium sp. 
Albizzia sp. 
Sizygium sp. 
Barringtonia sp. 



Albizzia julibrisin, Durog. 

Man^ifera. 

Acalipha sp. 

Canthium. 

Tabernaemontana coronaria, Br. 

Wornia sp. 

Engelhardtia sp. 

Gomphia angustifolia, Vabl. 

Ceriops candollanea, Arm. 



Barringtonia racemosa, Bl. 
Ardisia sp. 



Cnpania sp. 
Aglaia sp. 



Plectronia .«p. 

Gardenia pseudopsidium, F. Will. 



•10 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

V. FOURTH GROUP— Continued. 



Popular names. 



Scientific names. 



Susuguin 

Tabaldo 

Tabiu) 

Tabayos 

Taboc 

Tadean 

Taligauan 

Talio 

Tambis 

Tanag 

Tanglon 

Taquit-asim. .. 

Tayocan 

Tical 

Tinaan 

Tinaan-pantay 

Tingan 

Tinga-tingrt . . . 

Tingcal 

Tive-tive 

Toquian 

Tua 

Tulang-manog 
Uban 



Gardenia pseudopsidium, F. Will. 

Aegle decandra, Nav. 

Pterospermum sp. 

Eugenia. 

Kleinhovia hospita, L. 

Amoora sp. 

Mallotus moluccanus, JIull. 

Aglaia sp. 
Phyllantgus sp. 

Rubiacea. 

Pterospermum obliquum, Bl 

Agleia sp. 

Terstroemia Llanosii, Vid. 
Delichandrone Rheedii, L. 

Premna sp. 



VI. FIFTH GROUP. 



Bacao 

Bacauan 

Biuas 

Bungalon . . . 
Calibayoan . 

Culasi 

Langaray . . . 
Libato-pula , 
Libato-puti . 
Nilad 



Tangal 

Tingan-baqui.s . 



Rhizophora conyugata, L. 
Bruguiera Carvdphvlloides, Bl. 
Kandelia Rheedii. \V. et A. 
Avieennia dtliciiialis, L. 
Bruguiera eridpetala, Wilz. 
Luninitzera racemosa, Willd. 
Bruguiera parvi flora, Wetk. 
L\uniiit/,era Cdcciuea, \V. et A. 
duninKii pliilippineusis, Vid. 
Seypluphora liidmphylla, Goertn. 
Ceriosp Roxburhiana, A. 
Rhizophora mucronata, Lam. 
^Egiceras majus, Goertn. 



Anahao Livingstona rotundifolia, Mart. 

Anibong Areca Nibung, Mart. 

Balatbat Licuala sp. 

Balon-luyon Corypha sp. 

Banga Wailichia. 

Barangoy Orania. 

Bonga Areca catecliu. L. 



Arenga saccarifera, Lab. 

Wailichia sp. 

Caryota sp. 

Iguanura. 

Areca sp. 

Lieuala elegans, Mart. 



Cauon 

Dayuca 

Dumayaca . 
Lum iac . . . 

Luyos 

Maoasilad.. 

Palindan j Bentinchia sp. 

Pinag I Areca alba Rumph. var. genocarpa, 

Kumth. 

Pugahan Caryota urens, L. 

Saguisi ' 

Tamis-san j Cocos sp. 

Taquipan I Caryota Rumphiaua, Mart. 

Tibanglang t 



New species added to above list as investigation continues. A total of 665 species now on list. 
Ch.vpter II. — The utilization of timber in the State forests. 



Art. 14. One year from the date of license shall be allowed for the felling and 
removal of timber. When the time allowed is not sufficient to admit of this, an 
application for a new license must be made within such time as will admit the issu- 
ing of the same before the expiration of the legal linijit of the old license. 

Art. 15. Felled timber shall be piled in cleared places in such a manner that meas- 
urements may be readily ascertained. 

Art. 16. The concessioner shall advise the chief of the forest section of the time 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 41 

the cnttinp will commence, shall state in what jurisdiction it will be effected, the 
places where the timber will be piled, and the names and residences of his repre- 
sentatives. 

Art. 17. No concessioner holdinjr a license for the ordinary cutting of wood shall 
be allowed to act at the same time for a concessioner holding a gratuitous license. 

Art. 18. The concessioner having cut the wood, shall be held responsible by the 
State for its value as per othcial tariff. If, at the expiration of the time of his license, 
he has not taken the timl>er out of the forest, in addition to its value he will be held, 
responsible for any damages which may have resulted to be estimated and approved 
by the forestry official of the district. 

Art. 19. The carrier of sawed lumber, transi)orting same from lumber yards oi" 
private warehouses, must be provided with a receipt, signed by the owner of the- 
establishment from which it came, showing in detail the number and cla.sses of the 
pieces. These receipts will be shown to the forestry officials when asked for, in 
order to show where the lumber came from and avoid confusing same with products^ 
which are carried direct from the public forests. 

Art. 20. Constructors of vessels shall procure licenses and pay the value of the 
timber used, ami must furnish the local forest official with a statement of the timber 
cut, which statement said official verifies. 

Art. 21. After inspection and valuation of timber is made, the order of payment 
is given, and after said payment is made and receipt shown the concessioner is free 
to use the timber. 

Art. 22. No vessel, whatever its size, built of timber from the public forests can' 
put to sea without having paid for the timber used, except as provided in the regula- 
tions governing the gratuitous use of timber. 

Art. 23. 1. Owners of mining concessions must pay an annual rent or tax for the- 
ground so occupied, which tax shall be regulated by the greater or less adaptability 
of the ground to the purposes of forest or agricultural cultivation. A bond of suffi- 
cient amount shall also be required to cover any damage which may happen to the 
trees or forest products from said mining operations, the conditions to be fixed by~ 
this office, after due notice. 

2. Owners of mining concessions, or their legal representatives, shall procure from 
this office a license before utilizing state timber in their mining operations. 

3. Applications for said licenses shall be forwarded through the mining bureau, in 
which ai)plication shall be described the mining concessions they possess or repre- 
sent, the forest or forests in which the timber is to be cut, the kinds of woods 
desired, and the approximate quantity; also the uses to which the timber is to- 
be put. 

Art. 24. 1. Those who may desire to engage in the business of burning charcoal 
in the public forests shall comply with the forestry regulations in everything which 
relates to the utilization of the forest products, and must provide themselves with- 
the necessary licenses. 

2. After felling trees, and before commencing the process of burning for charcoal, 
the party interested shall present to the local forestry official an itemized statement 
of the timber felleil, which will be verified and valued by that official, who will give 
the order of payment. After payment the party is at liberty to proceed with the 
burning, exercising care to do so at a sufficient distance from standing timber so as 
not to cause damage, and he shall be held responsible for any damage so caused. 

Art. 25. Concessioners shall notify the local forestry official, or in his absence the 
president of the respective town, where the wood is being piled. Upon failure to do- 
as prescribed a penalty will be incurred of 25 per cent of the value of the wood. 

Art. 26. Constructors of vessels and charcoal burners who fraudulently report to- 
the forestry official the number of pieces of wood cut will pay, in addition to the 
value of the excess, a fine of 25 per cent of its value. 

Ch.^pter III. — TJte gratuitous use of stale thnber. 

Art. 27. 1 . Licenses for the free use of timber shall be issued without charge by 
this office. 

2. Said licenses shall be issued to needy residents of towns upon application, to 
which application shall be attached a certificate, signed by the president or alcalde- 
of the town, stating the circumstances and actual need in each particular case. No- 
charge shall be made for this certificate. 

3. Said timber must be used exclusively in the construction of houses in -which 
the parties making a{)plication are going to live or have place of business or for 
repair of same, for the manufacture of their implements of industry, in the construc- 
tion of one or two bancas for the purpose of fishing or for the transportation of their 
agricultural products. 



42 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

4. The amount of tini1>er thus conceded to needy residents by gratuitous license 
shall not exceed 1,000 cubic feet. 

Art. 28. Tree species of the superior and first groups, as laid down in the official 
tariff on state tinil)er, are not to be cut under a gratuitous license. 

Art. 29. Timber for the construction of ))ridges, government buildings, and other 
works of a jtublic character undertaken by tlie government may be obtained by 
gratuitous license issued by this office, application being made by the proper official. 

Art. ho. Needy residents, and those persons in charge of the construction of pub- 
lic works, desiring licenses for the gratuitous use of State timber, shall send their 
applications, with other documents, to the chief forestry official of the district or 
section, and in case there is no such official available, to the district commander, 
who will forward same with the necessary indorsements to this office. 

Art. 31. When the work referred to in article 29 is done by contract the con- 
tractor must procure an ordinary license and comply with all the requirements of 
same. 

Art. 32. Six months from date of license shall be allowed needy residents in 
which to fell and remove said timber. One year from date of license for such pur- 
pose shall be allowed persons engaged in the construction of public works. When 
there is not sufficient time in which to finish said work, a new license should be 
\Solicited, in time so that it may be issued before the expiration of the old license. 

Art. 33. There shall be attached to applications for gratuitous licenses to cut tim- 
ber for public works a statement of the number of pieces, classes, and dimensions of 
the wood required. 

Art. 34. A concessioner shall notify the chief forestry official of the respective 
section, of the time and place of cutting, and where the timber is to be stacked, and 
the location of the public works for which the timl^er was granted. 

Art. 35. A gratuitous license shall not be issued to timber dealers nor to those 
holding an ordinary license. 

Art. 36. The concessioner, after cutting is finished, shall notify in writing the 
chief of the forest section, inclosing a statement of the timber cut. 

Art. 37. Timber can not be taken out of the jurisdiction of the town where cut 
unless accompanied by a manifest authenticated by the local forestry official, or in 
his absence by the president of the town (no charge shall be made for this authenti- 
cation). The concessioner shall, as per foregoing article, remit this manifest to the 
iorestry official of the section after said timt)er has arrived at the location of above- 
mentioned public works. Said timber shall be detained in case of failure to show a 
[proper manifest, and, in addition, a fine of from 1 to 5 per cent of the value of the 
wood so detained shall be imposed. 

Art. 38. The chief forestry official of the forest section or the ranger of the pre- 
cinct shall see that the cutting is carried on in conformity with these regulations and 
terms of license. He shall compare the statements received from the concessioner 
.and inspect and measure the wood piled or used in said public works. 

Art. 39. The concessioner shall be considered, as per article 30 of these regula- 
tions, as an appointee of the district commander or other competent authority, and 
also as his representative in the execution of said public work, and shall be held per- 
sonally responsible for any violation of these regulations. 

Art. 40. The concessioner is prohibited from giving away or selling a single piece 
of wood cut under this form of license, not even under the pretext that it is surplus 
wood. The wood must be used for the purpose for which it was granted, and should 
there be any surplus said surplus shall be deposited in the presidencia of the town 
at the order of the chief of the forest section, who will immediately arrange for its 
sale at public auction. In such a case the concessioner shall have no right to 
indemnity of any character, not even for expense of felling, hewing, or transporta- 
tion, etc. 

Art. 41. Should any person with a proper license for cutting timber for his per- 
sonal and exclusive use or for public work cut a greater quantity than is allowed in 
said license, or takes different classes from those specified, or applies them to a dif- 
ferent object tlian that stated Ijy the concessioner, or speculates in them, shall pay 
the value of the timber and, in addition, a fine of three times its value. 

Art. 42. Presidents or alcades of towns shall carefully attend to all who desire 
certificates referred to in the twenty-seventh article and shall exercise care not to 
make any false statements as to the needs of tlie applicants, under a penalty of $20 
fine for the first offense and an indictment before the courts in case of repetition. 

Art. 43. Concessioners of gratuitous licenses shall notify the local forest official, or 
in his absence the president or alcade of the town of the different places where the 
wood is l)oing ])iled. Failure to do so shall render concessioner lial)le to a fine equal 
to 25 per cent of the value (as per official tariff) of the wood so ])iled. 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 43 

CiiAF'TKR IV. — Firewood for tlie market. 

Art. 44. 1. Lici'ii.^os to cut firewood for the market, to be cut in the State forests* 
shall l)e issued fmiii this ofiice. 

2. Ai)i)li(ati(ius for said lii;enses shall be delivered to the chief of the forest district 
or section, wlu) will forward same to this office with the necessary remarks. 

3. District cDiuiiianders may issue such licenses, after having received the proper 
information concerning the circumstances of each particular case from the chief of 
the forest .-section of the locality where the wood is to be cut. 

4. District i-ommanders shall notify this office, and also the chief forestry official 
of the i)rovince, of the numl)er of licenses issued by their order. 

5. One year from date of license shall be allowed for the cutting, splitting, and 
removal of hrewood. 

6. When said period is not sufficient, a new license shall be solicited, in time to 
allow of its issue before the expiration of the old license. 

Akt. 45. The tree species of the third, fourth, and fifth groups only can be used 
for firewood, and those cutting other species shall render them.selves liable to a fine 
of four times the value of the wood, which shall be measured and valued as timber, 
as per official tariff. 

Art. 46. When there is a great amount of firewood cut, the concessioner shall 
localize his cutting and pile the wood beyond the forest, to avoid danger of fire when 
wood becomes dry. 

Art. 47. When the forest consists of dead and dry timber as a result of fire, all 
may be cut down, but if the forest is composed of live trees, those to be cut must be 
selected and cut down close to the ground. In falling, care must be taken that the 
adjacent standing trees are not injured. 

Art. 48. When it is not convenient for the concessioner to pay the value of the 
products utilized in the office of the internal revenue of the province, on account of 
its distance from the place of cutting, payment may be made to the president or 
alcalde of the nearest town, who shall receive the amount, give a receipt to the con- 
cessioner, and send a copy of this receipt to the nearest forestry official. 

The sums thus collected by presidents or alcaldes shall be turned into the office of 
internal revenue. 

Art. 49. The concessioners shall notify the local forestry official, or in his absence 
the i)resident of the town, where the wood is being piled. If said notice is not prop- 
erly given a fine of 25 per cent of the value of the firewood shall be imposed. 

Art. 50. I. Firewood cut in the forests of the State shall be divided into two 
classes. 

The first class, whether pieces are round or split, is known in the market under 
the name of "rajas," from 75 centimeters to 1| meters long, and from 20 to 40 centi- 
meters in circumference. 

2. All firewood in small sticks not of these dimensions belong to the second class. 

Art. 51. All jtieces exceeding the maximum dimensions fixed for firewood shall 
be designated as timber, paid for by cubic feet, as per official tariff. 

Art. 52. 1. Firewood of the first class, destined for home consumption, shall be 
charged for at the rate of $1 per thousand "rajas," and when intended for export at 
the rate of $2 per thousand "rajas." 

2. Firewood of small size belonging to the second class, destined for home con- 
sumption, shall be charged for at the rate of 20 cents per cubic meter, and when 
intended for export at the rate of 40 cents per cubic meter. 

Proportional charge will l^e made for fractions of a thousand or cubic meter. 

Ch.\i»tek W — (.'aoxtchouc, gum elastic, (jutta-percha, gum Elastic, rosin {black and irliite), 

and balao. 

Art. 53. One year from date of license shall be allowed for the harvesting of this 
class of ])roducts. When said period of time is not sufficient, a new license shall be 
solicited in time to allow its issue l)efore the expiration of the old license. 

Art. 54. 1. In extracting these products the (concessioner shall make cuttings or 
incisions into the trunks of the trees at least 25 centimeters above the ground. The 
felling of said trees without permission is alKsolutely i)rohibited. 

2. These incisions should be made with a very sharp instrument, penetrating the 
bark and the first layers of wood. 

3. The incisions shall be cut horizontally and 25 centimeters in length. 

4. When the Bow of the juices is obstructed at the opening, the concessioner will 
be permitted to recut the outer edges, and to enlarge the incision or cutting by 25 
centimeters, jirolonging it upward. 



44 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILTrPINE ISLANDS. 

5. In those trees which have trunks lueiisuriiifj; more than 40 centimeters in diam- 
eter (apjiroximately IJ feet), the concessioner will be permitted to make four 
incisions or cuttings on opposite sides. 

6. The width of the cuttings shall never exceed 8 centimeters. 

7. A metal or wooden plate may be j)iaced on the lower ])art of the incision to 
facilitate the collection of the juice. A vessel may be placed under the incision at 
the foot of the tree. 

Akt. 55. From the flowering of the tree to the ripening of its fruit, trimming of 
the edges of said incisions or any lengthening of the same shall not be permitted. 

Art. 56. Said products may be stored in towns, wanls, or other places, at the con- 
venience of the concessioner, having j)reviously notified the chief forestry official of 
the section, or in his absence the nearest local authority, in order that the proper 
legal formalities may be followed. 

Art. 57. 1. A manifest shall accompany said forest products when transported 
from one place to another within the same province. Said manifest shall be made 
out by the chief forestry official of the section or locality; in his absence by the pres- 
ident or alcalde of the town; or if destined for another province, by the nearest local 
commander. If the manifest is made by a president, there shall be stated in it the 
class and weight of each class of products to be removed; but if the manifest is made 
by the chief forestry official of the section, or in his absence by the nearest local 
commander, there shall also be stated the value of each class of said products. 

2. The torest official at point of destination of products has the right to verify the 
correctness of the manifest or letter of payment which accompanies said products. 
If any difference should be found between the amounts shown on said documents, 
and the actual amount of cargo, the concessioner shall pay the amount of excess, and 
if said excess should be more than the fifth part, shall also incur a fine of twice the 
value of said excess. 

Art. 58. Concessioners utilizing this class of products shall for the present pay 10 
per cent of its value, as per market price in Manila at time of inspection and meas- 
urement. 

Chapter VI. — General provisions. 

Art. 59. 1. Licenses to gather or utilize forest products in the state forests shall 
be granted by this office. 

2. Applications for said licenses must be delivered to the chief forestry official of 
the forest district or section, or to the district commander, who shall forward same 
to this office with the necessary indorsements of the forestry official of said district. 
In the application shall be stated the kinds of forest products desired and the place 
where said products are to be gathered. 

3. The gathering or utilization of forest products can be done only in the forests 
of the province specified in the license. If the concessioner should cut or gather 
forest products in the forests of any other province, said products shall be considered 
as unlawfully cut. 

4. No charge shall be made for licenses nor for the authentication or making out 
of manifests. 

5. Reserved forests, and the species of trees the cutting of which is forbidden, will 
be noted in licenses for the information of the concessioner. The felling of trees of 
the superior and first groups, excepting ebony, camuning, and lanete, of a less diam- 
eter than 40 centimeters is absolutely prohibited. 

6. The felling in the state forests of trees, from which caoutchouc, gutta-percha, 
and trum elastic are extracted, is prohibited. 

The following is a partial list of names of the above-mentioned tree species: 

Agiotin. Tanguisan bagnio. Urostigma sp. 

Anocep. Tanguisan Bayaba. Artocarpus Camansi. 

Antipolo. Tibig. Palaquium sp. 

Palacpalac. Dysoxylum. Ficus sp. 

Balete. Palaquium. Ficus. 

Camansi. Artocarpus incisa Li. Ficus cuneata ]\Iig. 

Malaputad. Palaquimn latifolia Bl. Ficus heterophylla L. 
Tanguisan. 

7. The felling in the state forests of the ylang-ylang tree is prohibited. 

8. Tlie utilization of forest products not specifically mentioned in these regula- 
tions shall be by license, and said utilization shall be governed by special conditions 
which may be ascertained upon presentation of application for a license to utilize 
said products. 

Art. 00. Whosoever cuts or removes timber or other forest products prohibited 



REPORT OF FORESTRY HUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 45 

by official order, or cuts species the utilization of which is prohibited by special 
mention in the license, shall incur a penalty ainountiiitJ: to four times the value of 
the pro<lucts. A copy of these regulations shall accompany each license. 

Art. hi. The concessioner must feather said forest product together, and i)ile it in 
the district where cut or gathered, and not where the cutting of timber or other 
utilization of forest i)roducts is forbidden. For any violation he shall incur a penalty 
of four times the value of the product gathered. 

Akt. ()2. 1. The trees to l)e cut shall be selected and cut down close to the 
ground, care l)eing taken that no damage be done in falling to the adjacent trees. 
The concessioner shall compactly ])ile the branches of all trees felled, and place said 
branches where the least damage shall be done to the younger growth. 

2. Forest products shall l)e transported as far as ])ossible by routes where there 
are few trees, avoiding as far as i)ractical)le the destruction of the younger growth. 

3. Concessioners shall be held responsil)le for any damage to the forests through 
failure to t-omply with the above requirements. They shall also be held responsible 
for violations of said regulations on the part of their representatives or their 
employees. 

Art. <).S. When the cutting or gathering of forest products has been finished, the 
concessioner shall notify in writing the nearest forestry ofticial of the place where 
said product is deposited, the classes and amount of the same, and its destination. 

He shall also state if he has left any felled timber in the fore.st; and if so, the 
number of trees and the classes. 

A forestry official shall verify the "statement" of forest products presented by the 
conce.ssioner, examining and measuring the same. He will make out, in duplicate, 
the manifest for each shipment, and give one copy of this to the concessioner. 

Art. 64. The concessioner shall not load, sell, nor use any forest product which 
has not l)een paid for, unless he has had express authority from the chief of the 
forestry bureau and has given a satisfactory guaranty to that official. 

Art.' 65. 1. A manifest will not be necessary in case the forest product is not to 
be removed from the jurisdiction of the town in which the forest is situated. 

In this case, after having examined, measured, and valued said product, the 
forestry official of the district or section gives to the concessioner or his representa- 
tive an order of payment to the internal-revenue office, stating amount to be paid. 

2. This having been done, the concessioner or his representative shall deliver the 
letter acknowledging payment to the official who made out the order, who shall 
acknowledge receipt of same, making a note at the bottom of the page of the official 
statement, which he will deliver to the interested party. Having complied with 
these conditions, the owner of the forest product can dispose of same as he sees fit. 

3. For any violation of these requirements he will be liable to a fine of 25 per 
cent of the value of said product. 

Art. 66. 1. When the forest product is to be transported by land or by river 
from one town to another, within the same province, the carrier must be provided 
"with a manifest, signed by the concessioner or his representative and authenticated 
by the forestry official residing in the town where the timber or other forest product 
was cut or gathered, and in case there should be no such official there, then by the 
president or alcalde. Upon the arrival of said product at its destination, it can not 
be disposed of until the forms as provided for in the foregoing conditions are com- 
plied with. 

2. The concessioner shall not remove said product in case it is to be carried by 
land or river from one province to another without having first paid its value in the 
internal-revenue office of the province in which the forest is situated. 

3. The concessioner may remove said product after having the manifest indorsed 
by the forestry official to the effect that it has been paid for, and said manifest must 
accompany the person in charge of above transportation. 

4. Should said product be transported by sea and shipped from one point to 
another in the archipelago the payment may, at the option of the concessioner, be 
made in the office of internal revenue at the place of origin or destination. 

5. In the first case, where payment has been made at place of origin, the conces- 
sioner will be governed by section 3, in that the cargo must be accompanied by the 
manifest, upon which lias been noted the receipt of the letter of payment. 

6. In the second instance, he must be provided with the manifest given by the 
forestry official or by the president or alcalde of the town of departure; the conces- 
sioner being held responsible for any difference which may be found at the inspection 
at port of arrival. 

7. The person in charge of forest products transported by sea will, within five days 
of arrival at port of destination, present the manifest to the nearest forestry official. 



46 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

8. Failure to carry out the abcive re()uireiHent will render the party s^o offending 
liable to a discretionary penalty, which sshall not exceed $100. 

Art. 67. 1. The chief forestry official of the district or section ssnall, after inspec- 
tion, j^ive the order to unload, after the manifest has been presented showing that 
said pnxluct has been paid for. If this verification of the cargo shows that the 
figures agree with the manifest, it shall be delivered to the interested party, noting 
on same the said fact. 

2. If an excess of cargo should be foimd and should not exceed 10 per cent of cargo, 
payment of full amount of cargo only shall be paid by the concessioner; but if such 
excess should be found to be more than 10 per cent, a penalty, as indicated in article 
72, shall be paid ])y the concessioner in. addition to full payment on cargo as found 
at insjiection. 

3. If the product has not been paid for, the order of payment shall l)e given to the 
concessioner, made out for the amount as shown on the provisional manifest, and 
upon payment of which, as shown by the presentation of the letter of payment, the 
order to unload is given, and suV)sequent proceedings shall conform with that laid 
down in the preceding paragra})h. 

4. If the concessioner should, at the termination of his voyage, dispose of said 
product without having first obtained the order to discharge he shall incur a penalty 
of 25 per cent of the value of same, in addition to other penalties to whit-h he may 
be liable for other violations. 

5. In order to move said product after it has been unloaded, the owners or persons 
in charge must be provided with a manifest indorsed by the official who inspected at 
the time of loading. In no instance shall the order to unload be used in place of the 
manifest in order to move the said product. 

Art. 68. If payment on said product should be delayed more than one month, 
counting from the date of the order of payment, a penalty of 50 per cent of its value 
will be incurred. 

Art. 69. In case of accidents or of damage to ships, or w'here the product is carried 
in mail vessels which can not V)e delayed in port, said product may be unloaded at 
once, having previously given a satisfactory bond or cash deposit, fixed in each case 
by the chief forestry official of the district. 

Art. 70. 1. When a cargo of a forest product is to be exported to China, Australia, 
or any other point outside of the archipelago, the concessioner before loading shall 
pay into the internal-revenue office a sum equal to $2 for each ton of capacity registered 
by the vessel in which the shipment is to be made, as a guarantee of payment of the 
value of said product. 

2. After the deposit is made loading may begin under a designated forestry official 
who will make out the official statement of the product loaded. 

3. This having l)een finished, the ship may begin her voyage, and the concessioner 
should repair to the nearest forestry official in order to obtain the order of payment, 
and having proven same by presenting the letter of payment an order will be made 
out which will enable him to withdraw his deposit and be free from all responsibility 
to this bureau for said cargo. 

4. In case the manifest is not shown the forest product shall l)e detained and a 
fine of from 1 to 5 per cent of the value of the products imposed. 

Art. 71. 1. Presidents or alcaldes of the towns who officially authenticate mani- 
fests which contain inaccuracies prejudicial to the state shall incur a fine of not less 
than $5. 

2. Where a forestry official is u.nable to act, the president or alcalde of the town 
who fails, when called upon Ijy a concessioner, to inspect and mea.<ure the wood or 
other forest product, either in person or by sending another official belonging to the 
municipality, shall incur a fine of not less than $5. 

Art. 72. Violations of these regulations as to time and manner of utilizing the pub- 
lic forest products, where no damage has been caused, will l)e punished by a discretion- 
ary fine which shall not exceed $100. In case damage has been caused the party so 
offending shall be held responsible and pay for same, and shall pay in addition a fine 
of from 10 to 25 per cent of said damage, according to the nature of the case. 

In cases of grave violations of these regulations by any concessioner or his repre- 
sentatives or employees the license may be withdrawn after due notice to the party 
in interest. 

Art. 73. 1. All cutting or harvesting of the products of the public forests without 
license shall be considered fraudulent, and will be punished as follows: 

If the products be not timber, and subject to payment, the delinquent will be com- 
pelled to pay the value of the same and damages, and also a fine for the first offense 
of from 25 to 50 per cent of said value, 50 to 75 per cent for the second offense, and 
100 per cent for the third offense, with confiscation and loss of products. 



REPORT OF FORESTR\ BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 47 

2. If the product i.s tiinht-r, and whether subject to payment or not, tlie delinquent 
shall pay the value of the same and damage, and also a tine of 1 cent for each 10 cubic 
decimeters for the tirstoffen.se, 2 cents jier 10 cubic decimeters for the .second offense, 
and for the third offense 2J cents per cubic decimeter, with confiscation and loss of 
said timber. 

Art. 74. Unauthorized clearing of public lands, especially bj' lire, is absolutely 
prohibited. Offenders shall be i)unished by a tine of §20 per hectare for the ground 
so burnt over, and in case of inst)lvency shall serve a term in prison to correspond to 
the time required to liquidate said fine at the rate of §2.50 per day; said term of 
imprisonment shall not exceed sixty days. The land unlawfully occupied must be 
immediately abandoned, this for the first offense; for the second offense $30 per hec- 
tare and the innnediate abandonment of the property, and in case of insolvency 
imprisonment as above described for a term not to exceed ninety days. For the third 
offense, $50 per hectare and innnediate abandonment of the property. In case of 
in.«olvency imi)risonment as a])ove described not to exceed one hundred and eighty 
days. This penalty shall not be increased for subsequent offenses, but if it should be 
proven that the burning was done through malice the offender shall be punished 
according to the penal code. 

Akt. 7.T. 1. Persons owning lands containing trees suitable for lumber, firewood, 
or other forest products shall immediately present certified copies of their title deeds 
at this office for registration. 

2. Forest products taken from private lands whose owners have not complied with 
these requirements shall be considered unlawfully taken. 

Akt. 76. In order that forestry officials may exercise an intelligent supervision 
over the utilization of forest products, all said products of land owned by towns 
or by private individuals, and which leave the jurisdiction where said lands are situ- 
ated, shall be accompanied by a statement, signed by the owner or administrator 
of the estate and by the president or alcalde of the tow'n, in which statement shall 
be described the numljer, class, and amount of forest product and the place where 
cutx>r gathered, and shall also show a receipt from the forestry bureau of registra- 
tion of title to said land. 

Failure to present this statement will render the owner of said forest product liable 
to the penalties incurred by parties fraudulently taking forest products from the for- 
ests of the state. 

Akt. 77. The officer in charge of the forestry bureau is charged with the duty of 
preparing the blank forms necessary for the enforcement of the foregoing regulations 
and distributing the .same as the neces.sities of the service may require. 

By commancl of Major-General MacArthur: 

E. H. Crowder, 
Lieutenant- Colon el Thirty-ninth Infantry, V. S. V., Secretary. 

FORESTS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

The Philippine T.slands lie between 4° 45' and 21° north latitude and 
between 116-^ and 127^ east longitude, with an area of 119,542 .square 
miles. The islands are all mountainous, some of the hig-h peaks having 
an altitude close to 9,000 feet above the sea. In many of the island.s 
the steep mountain slopes begin close to the seacoast, and to the casual 
observer the entire area is woodland. It has been estimated that of the 
73,000.000 acres in the islands more than 6,000,000 are under cultiva- 
tion. (Jordana, 1890.) 

We find various estimates for the forest area b}" former officials. 

The official geographic .statistics of 1876 fix the forest area at 51,537,243 
acres. 

Fernando Castro estimated the forest area in 1890 at 48,112,920 acres. 
This includes all woodland, private as well as public land. 

As one travels over the islands he is constantly struck with the large 
population to the square mile and the scarcity of timber close to the 
main traveled routes and centers of population. As one leaves the 
main traveled routes vast virgin forests are met with, rich in valuable 
hard woods, dyewoods, o-ums, and other products, waiting for the skill 
and enterprise of the American capitalist. On the island of Cebu,. 



48 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

where we tind a po})ulati()ii of 2U0 to the square mile, not a merchant- 
able stick of timber is evident, with the exception of a small tract of 
forest left in the northern end of this island, which forest must there- 
fore be carefuU}" looked after. ' 

The island of Panay, with a population of 150 to the square mile, is 
almost denuded of good timber. In Luzon, where the population 
averages 7S to the square mile, we tind no tim})er in the vicinit}' of 
centers of population. As we travel over the only line of railway in 
the islands, from Manila to Dagupan, a distance of 120 miles, we fail 
to see a single merchantable stick wnthin several miles of the road. 
But there are tracts in various parts of Luzon where much valuable 
timber remains. In the northern end of tlui island, in Cagayan and 
Isabela provinces, there are at least 2,000,000 acres of valuable forest 
remaining. The entire east coast of Luzon, from the northern end as 
far south as Atimonan, comprising several million acres, is practically 
a virgin forest. In northwestern Luzon very little merchantable tim- 
ber is left, with the exception of the slopes above 3,000 feet, where we 
find a species of pine {Phvix hixularls) flourishing, all ages mingled 
together. The maximum pines seen were close to 4 feet in diameter 
and more than 100 feet in height. Here the pine obtains a diameter 
of 12 inches in about twenty years. Almost ever}' acre of these north- 
western mountains is burnt over each year by the savages, but the 
larger pines seem to survive these repeated scorchings. Through 
central Luzon the timber has been cut away, leaving small tracts of 
fairly good forest in a few places. In southern Luzon, in Tayabas 
and the Camarines, we find some large tracts fairly w^ell covered with 
a variety of valuable tree species. 

As we enter the southwestern islands, extending from Mindoro 
through to Paragua, we leave the more traveled routes, and find a 
sparsely settled region where the virgin forests have been apparently 
untouched. In this group you will find upward of 4,000,000 acres of 
virgin forest extending from the water\s edge to the summits of the 
mountains. Some cutting has been done in this region, but it has 
amounted to a mere thinning of the edges of the forest. This group 
of islands is celebrated for the great quantity of narra, or Philippine 
mahogany, molave, ipil, and calantas (the Philippine cedar). Here we 
find valuable hard woods 4 or 5 feet in diameter with magnificent clear 
trunks for 80 feet up to the first limb. As a rule we find all over the 
islands that the largest trees have not been felled, owing to the lack of 
facilities for handling heavy timbers. Very little cleared land is found 
in Mindoro. Its reputation as a death trap for w hite men w ill change 
as a few hundred square miles are cleared of timber and its rich soil 
devoted to agriculture. A vigorous thinning of at least 50 per 
cent of the present forest growth of Mindoro and Paragua would 
make them much more salubrious than at present. The island of 
Mindanao, with an area of more than 23,()00,000 acres, is almost 
entirely covered by forest. The vast majority of the population of 
this island is found in coast towns, with the exception of the region in 
the north surrounding the Laguna de Lanao, where we find a large 
population of Moros. Very little timber has been cut in this island 
owing to the scarcity of labor and the distance to market. It would 
be safe to estimate at least 10,000,000 acres of virgin forest for this 
island alone. The southern part of this island, in the region southeast 
of Cotabato, is noted for its gutta-percha, rubber, and other gums. 
More than $300,000 w^as paid at Cotabato for these gums last year, 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 49 

all of wliicli product w:is sliipped to Singapore. There are a number 
of rivers in tiiis island sutiiciently large for log-driving purposes. 

Of the other larger islands we lind valuable forests in the islands of 
Leyte and Saniar. The island of Negros has been cut over rather 
thoroughly for a great many years, and it will not be long before it 
Avill be in the same condition as the island of Cebu, if the forests are 
not protected. This island (Negros), prior to June, 1901, was under 
a se])ai-ate government with its own forestry service. The forestry 
l)ureau at Manila now has jurisdiction in this island, and will promptly 
introduce the forestry otticials trained at Manila, enforce there the 
forestry regulations, and protect what is left of their forests. We 
may safely estimate that there are at least 20,000,000 acres of virgin 
forest in these islands, with an average of at least 15,000 feet board 
measure of vahial)le hardwood to the acre. 

Up to. the present date the Bureau has listed 665 native tree species, 
of several hundred of which little more is known than their names. 
During th(» past yea4' about ItiO diti'erent native woods have entered 
the market, the most valuable of which for construction purposes is 
molave. Molave. ipil. yacal. and dungon are remarkable for their 
dura])ility and strength. The qualities of a few of these woods are 
very well known to the natives, and the specifications for the main 
timbers in house construction carefully provide that the timbers used 
shall be some of these mentioned. In addition to their value in ordi- 
nary construction thev have exceptional qualities when used as paving 
blocks. Two of the bridges in ]\Ianila were paved with molave blocks 
about six years ago have been subjected to the heaviest traflic in the 
city, and, apparently, at the present date, not a single block has been 
splintered. The calantas. or Philippine cedar, is almost entireh' used 
in making cigar boxes. Xarra, tindalo. acle, and luan are used 
principally as furniture woods. Betis. aranga, and dungon are 
generally used as piles, for which there is a great demand in the Manila 
market. The other important construction woods are baticulin, 
batitinan. aiuuguis, guijo. apitong. panao. sacat, balacat, malabulac, 
and malasantol. 

TIMBER USED IN THE rHILIPPINE ISLANDS FROM JULY 1. 1900, TO 

APRIL 30, 1901. 

There are various sources of supply for the timber market of the 
Philippint's. namely, public lands of the islands, private woodlands, 
and importations from the United States and other foreign countries. 
A more detailed statement of the amount of forest products taken 
from public lands during this period will be found in the appendix. 

Cubic feet. 
The total amount of timber taken from pul:»lic lands for thi;^ period is 

found to be _ 1, 875, 405 

Timber from private woodlands for the same period 97, 808 

Importations by private parties 155, 714 

Amount shipped to the Philippines by the Quartermaster's Department 

for the use of the government from July 1, 1900, to April 23, 1901 713, 642 

The total amount of firewood used is 1, 629, 635 

(None but lower grade woods permitted to be used for this purpose.) 

A ver}' small total, when we consider the vast forests from which 
they are extracted and the great demand for timber in the islands. 
Much of this native timber was cut as early as 1896, but not brought 

11(164—01 4 



50 KKPOKT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

to intirket on uocouiit of the rovolution. It was only during- the past 
year that tlie timber cut since 1896 could ])e brouo-ht to market. Up 
to the present time it has been impossible to cut enough timber for the 
actual necessities, forcing the government to send to America for the 
tim})er needed for storehouses for the troops, for bridges, and other 
public wOrks. The amount of timber ])er capita used in these islands 
is less than 1 per cent of the corresponding amoinit used in the United 
States. The total amount used, including importations, is nuu-h less 
than the annual growth of forest in the province of Cagayan alone, 
and when we consider that the log-ging parties are small and are cutting 
in over 40 ditferent provinces and islands, not nuich danger is to be 
apprehended that any loss of our present capital will result. 

At least 50 per cent of the timber cut on public lands has been used 
by the government in the construction of its many barracks, store- 
houses, l)ridg-es, and other public works. Native property owners 
throughout the islands have been unable to rebuild their homes, find- 
ing it impossible to get material. When peace prevails in the islands 
more men will be employed in the forests, and it will take three or four 
years for the native and other residents of the islands to cut only such 
timber as is absolutely necessary' for construction. The engineers and 
builders in Hongkong and other ports of the Orient prefer the Philip- 
pine timber to that of the other islands of the East Indies, but have 
been unable to secure any cargoes lately, owing to the scarcity- of sup- 
ply and great local demand, and in response to an inquiry from them 
as to when they could secure some of this timber, I replied that it 
would not be possible to obtain any within three years, unless they paid 
a price far higher than that they wish to give at the present time. It 
is also to be noted that no native wood has been exported since the 
organization of the present bureau. For the next four months a 
decreased output of timber will be noted, due to the fact that the south- 
west monsoon and the typhoon season is on and transportation by sea 
somewhat uncertain. The rains have commenced and will stop loggei's 
in some parts of the islands. 

PRIVATE W^OODLANDS. 

The forestry regulations pi'ovide that owners of woodlands may cut 
and market their timber after registration of titles to these lands in 
the central office at Manila. A printed form is then issued to the 
owner of the land stating that this registration has been made; his 
title is returned, and on it also is noted the fact of registration. He 
is also informed that this registration is no guaranty of title. 

Parties cutting timber on their own woodland without having regis- 
tered their titles are obliged to pay the government valuation on the 
timl)er in addition to a tine. All land is considered public land until 
a title is shown — a title which has formerly been registered in some 
register of property as provided by Si)anish law. Seventy-four tracts 
of woodland have been registered up to date, aggr(\gating a total area 
of about 12.5,000 acres; more than 120,000 acres of this total are found 
in the island of Luzon. 

In February last the nationalities of owners of 6S woodland tracts 
were as follows: 

Spanish : 7 

German •• 5 

Enjflisli 1 

Filipino 55 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BURFAU, THILIPriNE ISLANDS. 51 

After annouiH'oiiHMitof the pa.ss:i^e of what wa.s known as the Spooner 
amendment, (juite a number of titles were presented and six only were 
found elio-ible for reoist ration. 

Tp to the present date titles to woodlands owned by religious orders 
liave not been i)resented for registration. It is believed that the aggre- 
gate of these holdings bv the religious orders will not exceed 400.000 
acres. It is believed that the total holdings of woodland by private 
parties will not exceed l.OOO.ood acres. Ihese private holders have 
shown a disposition to retain theii- ])roperties and utilize^ them for then- 
own use. The native especially shows a disposition to cling to his 
land, and is averse to selling, "although a high price is occasionally 
oHered to him. 

From .luly 1, IKOO, to April :^t», 11>01. the following utilizations of 
forest products on private woodland have been noted: 

YiiuU'v *'"^^i^ f^*?t. . 97, 808 

Fiivwooil cubic lueterf^. . 19, 03-4 

Churcual .".'.'.'. V.".".'.V.'.V.V.V.V.' tlo - - - - 4, 556 

Each shipment of forest products from private woodlands must be 
accompanied bv a certificate of the president of the nearest town that 
this product was taken from such a party's private land. The regula- 
tions referring to private woodlands are as follows: 

Akt. 75. Persons owning lands containing trees suital^le for lumber, firewood, or 
other forest pnjducts, shall inmiediately present certified copies of their title deeds 
at this office for registration. ,■ j -xu 

2. Forest products taken from private lands whose owners have not complied with 
these re(iuirements shall be considered unlawfully taken. 

Art. 7(i. In order that forestry officials may exercise an intelligent supervision 
over the utilization of forest products, all said products of lands owned by towns or 
bv private individuals, and which leave the jurisdiction where said lands are situated, 
shall be accompanied l)v a statement signed by the owner or administrator of the 
e-tate and by the presiilent or alcalde of the town, in which statement shall be 
deseribed the'mnuber, class, and amount of forest product and the place wdiere cut or 
gathered, and shall also show a receipt from the forestry bureau of registration of 
said title to said land. . .,. ^ j ..i- v.i 

Failure to present this statement will render the owner of said forest product hable 
to the penalties incurred by parties fi-audulently taking forest products from the 
forests of the state. 

PRICES OF NATIVE TIMBER. 

More than IX) per cent of the native timber is used for construction 

purposes. , . i i 

The price of timber in the log at the end of the hrst haul vanes 
from 'Ai) to 70 cents (xVIexican) per cubic foot. Transportation to the 
IVlanila market is from 40 to 50 cents (Mexican) per cubic foot where 
parties do not us(^ theii- own'l)oats. The prices of the superior or tirst- 
group woods is verv uncertain, varying from $1.50 to more than $2.50 
(Mexican) per culnc foot. When 'special sizes in the higher grade 
timl)ers are required, as nuich as $5 and $»; have been paid per cubic 
foot; this for timbers to l»e used in house c(mstruction. 

The finest hard woods for furniture (narra, tindalo, acle, camagon, 
lauan) can often be purchased at a smaller price than is paid for a few 
special varieties of native woods that are of particular value (molave, 
ipil. yacal, betis) in house construction. 

Tn'der the Spanish administration the price of timber at the end of 
the tirst haid was a))out "20 cents (Mexican) and much was laid down 
in Manila for 50 cents (Mexican) per cubic foot, and even less. 

The government price on its timber, as per forestry regulations, 



52 KEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, I'lIILIlM'INE ISLANDS. 

must 1)0 paid l)eforo the timber leaves for the market. Thi.s money is 
paid into tiie nearest internal-revenue office. 

The oovernment valuation of its timl)er and tin^vood has l)een close 
to 5 per cent of the current market price. Tiie oovernment valuation 
of othi'r forest products has been unil'oi'inly lo ])(>r cent of the cui'rcMit 
market price. 

The (hMiiand for timber for house construction is stron*^ and will 
continue as peace is restored and people return to their homes in the 
provinces and commence rebuildino-. 

The China market for Philippine woods is very g'ood, but it will be 
some years before the peoi)l(^ in the ports of the Orient will be willing 
to pay the pric(\s current in the market in Manila. 

The deniiind for certain of our fine hard woods hy furnitun^ and 
ca})inet makers in the United States will nv'\so as soon as these woods 
becom(» known. We have a number of \arieties of fine hard woods 
which should appeal to these furniture makers. 

In the course of a year or two. when American appliances and skill 
are at work in the forests, we should be able to place cargoes of these 
varieties on board ship for not more than $1 (Mexican) per cubic foot. 
Transportation to the United States costs between $9 and $15 gold 
per 1,000 B. M. Almost any lengths can be obtained and diameters 
up to 5 and 6 feet. During Spanish times the large trees were left 
untouched owing to the lack of facilities for handling them. Occa- 
sionally a two ♦) or 7 feet in diameter would ])e felled and one slab 
taken from it, from which to make a table. Many of these fine table 
tops can be seen throughout the islands, some of them more than 7 
feet in diameter. 

Ordinarily the native loggers are paid at a fixed price per cubic foot 
laid down at tide watei* or on railroad. There are four sawmills in the 
city of Manila and hundreds of carjxMiter shops where the Chinamen 
rip out boards by hand and make a fair profit. Parties desiring to 
purchase a few hard-wood boards to make a little rough furniture will 
often pay from 25 to 50 cents (Mexican) per running foot for the same. 

CAN THE FORESTS OF TIIE rHIITPPINES BE DEVASTATED? 

Not if a pio})er number of trained ofiicials are provided and the 
present forestry regulations are enforced. 

The following safeguards against forest devastation in the Philip- 
pines are worthy of consideration: 

First. Th(> })hysical ol)stacles. 

Second. The forest regulations. 

Third. Supcrxision of forestry officials. 

Fourth. I.(Ocal demand for but few of tlu^ many hundred native 
woods. 

The physical ol)stacles will iu)t be ap})rcciat(Hl without a few months' 
observation on the ground. The real difficulties appear onkv after 
the work in the field has commenced and apparently all contingencies 
pi-ovided for. 

To begin with, lluuv are no roads into the best forest tracts; the 
rivers are full of snags aiul inii)edinients to their use as driveways. 

Hoad construction in the jungle is difficult, (wpensive. and hazardous. 

Many of the most valual)le woods will not fioat, thus necessitating 



REPORT OK FORESTRY HrREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 53 

the use of t>aiiil)()o nifts. or i)liuiii.u' iiltcniate loo-8 of light specific 
o-ravitv hctwet'ii hoavv ones. 

On the h)ogin»- roud the only animal availal)U> for transportation in 
these islands"is the earabao, aii animal of l)ut moderate stren.uth who 
readily succumhs to overwork or disease. A plague of rinderpest has 
carried otl thousand.s of thi'se animals during the past two years, leav- 
ino- many communities in a most helpless condition. 

There"are no a])plianees in the island suital)le for handling large and 
heavy logs, and if such appliances should be secured, skilled white 
labor nuist be employed until the native can be properly trained to 

their use. 

Many of the natives are good worknuMi, (|uick and clever, ana in 
time will be able to do much of the skilled work that for the next few 
years must be done by white men. The great mass of the natives, 
'especially those living 'near large forest tracts, seem disinclined to con- 
stant an("l heavy lal>or and can not l)e depended upon to remain any 
length of timc'at their work. Much depends on the kind of treatment 
received from the employer: the wage paid does not seem of as much 
importance to the natives as consideration for their whims. The aver- 
age laborer while in the woods can be counted on to cut and square 
from 5 to 8 cubic feet a day. 

It w\\\ take a couple of years to make even a few good roads and 
improve the drivewavs, install appliances for handling large logs and 
teach the natives how to use them, and then if the native is found will- 
ing to work, lumber companies might be a])le to get out what they 
consider a pavinu" (juantitv of timber. 

Then when" thev are readv to extract this timber, the regulations 
throw around them many restrictions which will prevent any wholesale 
devastation. 

The greatest safeguard is found in that article of the regulations 
which provides that the felling of any tree species of the superior or 
first group (35 leading woods) of less diameter than 40 centimeters 
(lof fnches) is absolutely prohibited. Regulations provide that the 
tim])er to l)e felled be first selected; provide also that only certain of 
the low-grade woods can ))e cut by those holding gratuitous licenses 
and those cutting firewood for the market. 

Regulations prohil)it the felling of the gutta-percha, rubber, and 
othei" trees producing valuable gums. They also provide that when 
the trees are felled and piled notice must be sent to the nearest forestry 
official, which ofiicial shall measure, appraise, and see that the govern- 
ment valuation is paid on this timber before it is removed. 

When this timber- reaches the market it is again inspected by an 
official who carefullv revises the classification of the first official, meas- 
ures each log a second t\nu\ and sees that the government is paid its 
full value for its timber. Each log receives a bureau stamp as soon as 
it leaves the forest. i <; i 

The forestry official is strictly charged to sin)eivise the work of the 
loo-ger to see "that onlv the proper trees are felled and that the timber 
is%o hauled through "the forest as to cause the least damage to the 
younger growth. '^He reports at once any violation of the forestry 
regulations. 

The regulations provide the forestry officials with the power to fine, 
and to stop tlu^ movement of forest products to the market, if any of 
its provisions are violated. 



54 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

RECOMMENDATIONS. 

Two 2"i"oat ohstiu'les arc iMu-ounterecl in providing- for a forostry serv- 
ice of these islands, nanielv, a lack of properly trained officials and, 
second, a great variety of unknown tree species. 

The United States this year inaugurates the scientific exploitation of 
50,000,0()() aeres of public forest land. The few foresters now in the 
States wnll he offered inducements to enter that service. 

Fifty trained foresters would find anii)le work in the l^hiiippine for- 
ests at the present time, hut it is douhtful if appeals to the forestry 
service in (Germany, India, and fla\a would r(>sult in securing half a 
dozen men. The gi-eat ol)jection ofiered hy these men, as I have stated 
before, will t)e that no provision is made for retirement for disability 
or for age. Life in the Tropics, and especially in a tropical forest, is 
not without considerable danger, and a foreigner can hardly be expected 
to leave the forestry service in his own countrv to go to strange lands 
where pernicious malaria or dysentery may incapacitate him within a 
few months after his arrival. 

These forests can he properly cared for as soon as trained foresters 
are provided. 

It is believed that a personal \isit to (Tci'many. India, and Java by 
some one interested in this service, and with authoi-itv to employ, would 
result in securing a few men. 

The next difficulty will lie found in finding a market for the several 
hundred varieties of native woods found within a comparatively small 
area in almost any part of these islands. 

The first step in this direction is now being made. One hundred 
varieties of native woods have been selecti^d. polished, and labeled, and 
shipped to the l"nit(Ml States, where th(>v arc to t)e placed on exhibition 
at the Pan-American Exposition at Bufi'alo, and later to l)e permanently 
placed in the Agricultural Dc'partment at \\'ashington. The exhibi- 
tion of these hard woods will interest our furniture makers, and may 
tend to divert buyers from Central and South America to the Philip- 
pines. A vast amount of hard wood is imported into the United States 
each year at a high })rice. There is no reason why many of the Philip- 
pine varieties of fint^ ((uality should not find a ready market with the 
furniture mak<'rs. 

Many fine varieties of native woods are not popular in the Philip- 
pines on account of their nonresistance to the white ant and climate, 
which objections would not be met with in the United States. 

The r(>gulations provide for the felling of all trees by selection. 
Objections will l)e made by the lumbermen that there is no market for the 
400 or 500 varieties of tree species thus selected. The duty of finding 
a market for such varieties thus devolves upon the forestry bureau. 
There are at present samph^s of more than 4.")0 varii^ties of native tree 
species in the offic(^ at Manila. Kach month will find more varieties 
added to this luunber. and in tim<\ after investigation of the quality of 
these woods as to sti'cngth and dui'ahility, more varieties will become 
popular in the mai'ket. 

The foresti'v school should be inaugurated as soon as possible at 
Manila for the purpose of training the present forestry otticials. 
Very respectfully, 

George P, Ahekn, 
Cfq^tah) ]^ivth U. S. lufuntry. In Chargi' of Ihu'ean. 

The Secretary of War. 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



55 



Slalemnit of atUization offored products from public lands, Philippine Islands, from July 

1, 1900, to April 30, 1901. 





Timber. 


Firewood. 






Miiiith iukI year. 


Group first. | Group second. 




1900. 
•Tiilv 


Cubic feet. 

90,793 §7,808.18 
82,041 .5,323.78 
103, 608 7. 693. 19 
186, 7.58 10, 668. 39 
180, 341 9, 970. 99 
218,345 ; 12,470.99 


ilf. 
176,500 
333, 880 
277, -940 
447, .580 
297,600 
369, 680 


Cu. met. 
3176. .50 1,914.00 
333. 88 1 , 269. 45 
277.94 '3, 175.] 5 
447.58 3,291.80 
297. 60 3, 720. 40 
369. ()8 , 3,644.75 


8282. 80 
253.89 
635. 03 
6.58.36 
744. 08 
728. 95 


Cu. met. 










Si'iitembor 

OctobiT 


186.00 

361.75 

213. .50 

95.25 


874.40 
144.70 


Novoniber 


85.40 
38.10 






Total 


861,886 53,925.52 


1,903,180 


1,903.18 17,015.55 


3,403.11 8.56.50 


342.60 


1901. 


231,493 14,706.85 
218,100 12,268.20 
280,406 21.299.62 
283, 520 26, 7.53. 05 


532,430 
422, 690 
.586, 000 
4.54.120 


532.43 2,432.35 
422.69 2,427.40 
.586.00 3, .501. 60 
454. 12 3, 000. 60 


486.47 
485.48 
700. 32 
600.12 


74.25 
93. 25 
143. 75 
181. 25 


29.70 


Kebrunrv 

March .". 

.\pril 

Total 

Grand total . 


37.30 
57.50 
72. ,50 


1,013, .519 75,027.72 1,995,240 1,99.5.24 11,361.95 


2, 272. 39 


492. .50 197.00 


1,875,405 j 128,953.24 3,898,420 1 3,898.42 28,377.50 


5, 675. 50 


1,349.00 j 539.60 



Month and year. 


Gum mas- 
tic. 


Rubber. 


Vegetable 
oil. 


Bark. 


Dyewood. 


Fines. 


Total. 


1900. t 
.hilv 


S24.60 

8.10 

. 19.16 

29. 36 

35.24 

31.99 








830.00 
65.00 
92.57 
208.42 
113.21 
766.87 


188,422.08 








85.15 
10.90 
22. 10 
46.20 

4.88 


SO. .50 
20.80 
23.40 
108.87 
214. 77 


5, 990. 30 


September 

October 

November 

December 


887.90 

3.5i.'52" 

810. 80 




8,911.89 


SO.' so' 

18.00 


12, 192. .31 
11,7.53.91 
15, 455. 03 






Total 


1.250.22 


148. 45 


18.80 


89.23 


368.34 


1, 276. 07 


62. 725. 52 


1901. 


1.60 

1,462.53 

215.04 

836. 15 


63. 80 
280. 95 
311. 73 
163. 90 




1.06 
2.50 


1.5.00 
45. 65 
.S2. 77 
72.05 


482. 74 
181. 12 
344. 85 
384.41 


16, 319. 65 


February 


23. 72 


15,210.14 




23, .547. 83 








29, 336. 80 











Total 


2. .51.5. 32 


820. 38 


23.72 


3.56 


165. 47 


1, 393. 12 


84,413.92 


Grand total.. 
May . 


3, 765. ,54 


968.83 


42. 52 


92.79 


.533. 81 


2,669.19 



147, 139. 44 
26, 799. 06 


.Iiine - 




2-5, 434. 61 
















Total 












199, 373. 11 


1 ! i 







1 Mexican. 



Stat i.^tics of sums collected on forest products from public lands, Philippine Islands, July to 

December, 1900. 



Province. 


Timber. 


Firewood. 


Charcoal. 


Rubber. 


Bark. 


Antique . . . - - 


81.56 




1 


An)ay 


S887. 81 
1,009. .58 
764. 73 
3. 439. 67 
8,008.90 
1,187.89 
3, 408. 14 








950.81 
109.64 
385. 72 
20.30 
50.70 
7.47 
112. 77 




1 






810. 00 


80.75 


Bulacan 












Camarines North 






Camarines South . . 






Capiz 










334.40 
3.5.18 
40.83 

215. 35 








Cavite 


88.21 
1.00 
6.00 






.90 


Cebn 
















Davao 




24. 10 




Iloilo 


1,509.20 

1,078.93 

19. 32 

29.93 

407. 21 

169.38 


301.07 
4.50 




73.00 










Jolo 








Laguna 


4.72 
80.45 
31.80 








l^^yte 








Manila 










56 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

Statistics of sums collected onfarest products from public lands, etc. — Continued 



Province. 


Timber. 


Firewood. 


Charcoal. 


Rubber. 


Bark. 


Marindnque 




S41.30 

420.40 

62. 00 

208. 70 

1.58.49 

.63 

1,636.69 

159.10 

5.50 








Masbate . . 


83, 162. .58 

760. 16 

2.54. 45 

1,1.54.32 

2, 4.57. .56 

7,540.09 

1,113.88 

1,798.12 

414.00 

1 , 922. 62 

128. 47 

6,779.17 

1,900.99 

1,992.66 




S24. 07 
1.60 




Miiidoro 




34.40 


Morong 






Nueva Ecija 








Negros 






1.88 


Pampaiiga 


S313. 10 




8.30 


Pangasinan 






Roinhloii 




3.40 




Samar 






Sorsftgon 


181. 60 
15. 80 
73.60 

112.92 

70.88 

1.96 








Surigao 








Tarlac 


11.00 






Ta vabas 


85.28 




Zaml)ak's 


18.50 




Zamboanga 
















Total 


53,925.52 


5, 306. 29 


342.60 


148.45 


89.23 







Province. 


Dyewood. 


Gum 
mastic. 


Vegetable 
oil. 


Fines. 


Total. 


Antique 










$1 56 


A 1 ba V 


1 






887 81 


Bataaii 






»22. 19 
12. 90 
44 43 


1,982.58 


Batangas 


$44. 20 






942 22 


Bulaoaii 






3 869 82 


('agavan 






160. 32 
3.03 


8' 189 52 


Camarines Nortti 






1,241.62 


Camariiies South 




8:19. 60 




3,43.5.21 
128 91 


Capiz 






16.14 


Catanduanes 








334 40 


Cavite 








3. 92 


1''8 21 


Cebu 


18. 75 






60 58 


Cotabato 










221. 35 


Davao 




1,217.62 






1 ''41 72 


Iloilo 


304. 39 




5.14 


2,192.80 
1 083 43 


Isabela dc Basilan 






Jolo 








19 32 


Laguna 






1.18 
32. 56 
129. 11 


35 83 


Levte 


.50 




.520 7'' 


Manila 


330 29 


ISfariiiduque 







41 30 


Masbate 






94 34 


3, 631. 39 
829 73 


Mindoro 


.50 






1.07 
32. 10 
''6 01 


Moroni? 






495 25 


Nueva ICcija 


i 




1 338 S** 


Negros 


! 


S18 80 


14 8'' 


2,493.69 
9, 816. 76 
1 343 3"' 


Pampanga 








318. .58 
70.34 
38. .51 


Pangasinan 








Romblon 




13.00 




1 858 53 


Samar 






414 00 


Sorsogon 








105.83 
5.69 

103. 72 
60.11 
44.03 


910 05 


Surigao 










Tarlac 










Tayal)as 








2, 159. 30 


Zambales 








Zamboanga 








1 96 












Total 


368.34 


1,250.22 ! 18.80 


1,276.07 


62, 72.5. .52 
976 42 


Sum paid tlie government of Negros for 
timber 












Total (Mexican) 








61 749 10 






> 







Native woods brought to market in the Philippine Islands from July 1 to December 31, 1900. 



Names of timber. 


Cubic 
feet. 


Names of timber. 


Cubic 
feet. 


Superior group 

Calantas (28,457 cubic feet). 

Canuigon. 

Dungon. 


113,479 


Superior group— Continued. 

Teca. 

Tindalo. 
First group 


20, 427 


Ypil. 

Yacal. 

Molave (28,709 cubic feet). 

Narra (28,149 cubic feet). 


Ade. ' 

Anubing. 

Bansalaguin. 

Baticuling (5,624 cubic feet). 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 57 

Native woods brought to market in the Philippine Islands, etc. — Continued. 



NiuiH's of tiinher. 


Cubic 
feet. 


Names of timber. 


Cubic 
feet. 


First groui>— Contiiuieri. 


Third group— Continued. 




BatitinHii (-1,877 cubic feet). 




Laco-laco. 




Bayuco. 




Lauaii (101,(525 cubic feet). 




Botis (4..=).51 cubic feet). 




Lunibang. 




Calamansannv. 




Luynsiu. 




Cubi. 




Magtalisay. 




Lanete ainuguis (19,788 cubic feet). 




Malaanang. 




Si'conil {rrotip 


148, 142 


Malacbac. 




.\riiii,tra. 




j Malac-nialac. 




Bniial)a. 




JMaladuron. 




Bancal. 




Malagao-gao. 




Banuvo. 




Malai)alicpic-hito. 




Bildo. 




Malasapit. 




Dungoulate. 




Malasiijjsap. 




<;uij() (73,(M1 cubic feet). 




Malatalang. 




Lanutau. 




Malatuiubaga. 




Macaasin. 




Jlambog. 




Malacailios. 




Manicuic. 




.Malat'atinou. 




Maobo. 




Malaruliat. 




Mayapis. 




Mangachapuy. 




Miao. 




Mangasinoro. 




Odling. 




Natn. 




Pagatpat. 




Pas;ic. 




Palacpalac. 




yujia. 




Palosapis. 




Tangilc. 




Palumbuyeu. 




Tncan-calao. 




Pamantuiin. 




Tbird trroup 


367,867 


Pamisalen. 

Panao 1 30,174 cubic feet). 




Abilo. ^ 




Acleiigparaug. 




Paualalian. 




Agiotiu. 




Paraya. 




,\j()sajos. 




Putian. 




Alintatao. 




Sacat (28,333 cubic feet). 




Almaciga. 




Salipapa. 




Almon. 




Sambulanan. 




Alupay. 




Tacaran. 




Amugan. 




Tagonton. 




Anagap. 




Tambabas. 




Anatan. 


^ 


Tamug. 




Auoeep. 




Toog. 




.\nubi<)ng. 




Unip. 




.\nubliiig. 
Aninaiila. 




Fourtli group 


203, 921 




Anam. 




Anunang. 




Anilao. 




-Vntipolo. 




Bagosantol. 




Apalang. 




Balacat (36,180 cubic feet). 




.\pit()ng (.W,333 cubic feet), 




Balaybayan. 




Ai)upuyot. 




Balibago. 




.\taata. 




Balucot. 




Bagaluga. 




Baluaii. 




Baguil\imboy. 




Banalo. 




Balavon. 




Bignay. 




Balcte. 




Bilueao. 




Baliuha,say. 




Binayuyo. 




Balobo. 




Bocboc. 




Banate. 




Bogo. 




Batcte. 




Calumpang. 




Bayoc. 




Dapdap. 




Bayucan. 




Himbabao. 




Binaluan. 




Ligaa. 




Binuang. 




Malabago. 




Bitoc. 




Malabulac (20,574 cubic feet). 




Bitanhol. 




Malal)iinga. 




Bulao. 




>Iahii)ai>aya. 




Bungla.s. 




Malasamat. 




Buuuan. 




Malasantol (64.(i94 cubic feet). 




Caljaoy. 




Malatubig. 




Cahimaugog. 




Pingol. 




Cahuigatingan. 




Putab. 




Caluinpit. 




Salab. 




C'upaug. 
Dalbing. 




Tanag. 






Ubau. 




Diilinsi. 




Fifth group - 


8,050 


Dao. 




Bacao (7,751 cubic feet). 




Ditaa. 




Bacauan. 




Gata.san. 
Guyong-guyong. 




Libato puti. 










Hagad-had. 




Total 


861,886 


Hinlalaong. 









58 REPORT OF FORESTRY RUREAU, PHILIPPINE I8LANDS. 

Native woods bronghl to iiinrh't hi thr I'liilipphir Islands, etc. — Continued. 



RECAPITULATION. 



Varieties. 



Superior group 

First group 

SecDiid group. ., 
'I'hinl group . .. 
Kouriii group., 
l-'iltli group 



Total 



Cubic 

feet. 



113, 479 
20, 427 
148, 142 
3t)7,867 
203, 921 
8,050 



163 I 801,886 



Value. 



$15,887.06 
2, 042. 70 
11,851.36 
11,036.01 
4, 078. 42 
80.50 



44, 976. 05 



IncTcaseri charges, result of seeoncl inspection $8, 949. 47 

Amount bv timber 53, 925. 52 

5, 306. 29 



Firewood 
Charcoal . 
Kul>lier .. 
Bark 



342. 60 

148.45 

;;;;;;;;;;;;.;; 89. 23 

D vewoofl '^*^^- 34 

Glim mastic 1 , ~^- -- 

Vegetable oil !«■ «0 

Fines 1,276.07 



General total 62, 725. 52 

Sum refunded the government of Negros for timber 976. 42 



Total 61,749.10 



Statement of licenses issued from Jidii 1, 1900, to May 14, 1901. 



Station of for- 
estry oflflcial. 



Aparri 

Laoag 

Aringay 

Bagnio 

I)agui)an 

Lubig 

Tarlac 

Angeles 

San Fernando . . . 

Arayat 

Calumpit 

Orani 

Malabon 

Manila 

Batangas 

Guinajanga 

Pasacao 

Legaspi 



Iloilo. 



Province. 



Cagayan and Island Cala- 
yan. 

Abra 

Isabela 

1 locos. North 

Ilocos, South 

Union 

Benguet 

Pangasinan 

Zambales 

Neuva Ecija 

Principe 

Tarlac 

Pampanga 

Bulacan 

Bataaii 

Manila 

Morong 

Laguna 

Cavite 

Batangas 

Tayabas 

Camarines , North 

Camarines, South 

Albay 

Sorsogon 

Lubany and Marinduquc 

(islands). 
Romblon, Sit)uyan, and 

Tablas (islands). 

Burias (islands i 

Ticas ( island ) 

i\[asbate i island) 

Iloilo, Panay, and Gui- 

maras. 

Capiz, Panay 

Coiu'opcion, Pjuiay, and 

Pan de Alucan. 



Timber. 



Fire- 
wood. 



Rubber, 



Dye- 
wood. 



Gratui- 
tous. 



REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 59 

Statenient of liceiues issued from July 1, 1900, to May 14, 1901 — Continued. 



Stiition of for- 
L'stryofticial. 


Province. 


Timber. 


Fire- 
wood. 


Rubber. 


Dye- 
wood. 


Gratui- 
tous. 


Amount. 


Cebii 


Cebu and (islands) Ca- 

motes. 
Leyte, Mnripipi, Caman- 

(lay, and Biliran. 


1 

9 

4 
3 
1 

•2 
2 
3 










1 




1 

1 
3 








10 


Catbalogan 










Zaiii'^oaiitra, Mindanao 

Snrii;;iii, M indanao, Bucas, 

and iJiHasat. 
Matti, Mindanao 


3 


1 




10 






1 




2 


2 
3 


2 




8 




















3 
















Total amount. 


348 


169 


32 


10 


21 


580 













t^tatemeiit of jirirate voodlands registered in the Philippine Islands as per article 75, forestry 
regtdations, ^fanila, Philippine Islands, May 14, 1901. 



Provinces. 



Number 
of regu- 
lation. 



Hec- 
tareas. 



Centi. 



Komblon (Sibuyan, 150 hactareas 91 areas 50 centi; Tablas, 

499 hectaroas 1 area) 

Tarlac 

Pampanga 

Davao (Mindanao) 

Jlindoro 

Isabela de Luzon 

Bataan 

Pangasinan 

Nueva Ecija 

Laguna 



649 

14,248 

1, 908 

300 

916 

13,150 

2 

6,104 

12, 463 

195 



149,898 



65 



1 123,475 acres. 

In February the nationalities of owners of 68 woodland tracts registered were as follows: Spanish,": 
German, 5: English, 1; Filiiiino, .5.5. 

.■Vfter announcement of passage of Spooner amendment quite a number of titles were presented 
and 6 were found eligible for registration. 

Land of religious orders uot yet presented for registration. 

NOTES ON GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION IN THE PHILIPPINES. 



Philippine Islands: Magellan landed in Cebu 1521; Manila occupied 1565 by Sal- 
cedo. Latitude, 4° 45^ north to 21° north; lonjiitude, 116° east to 127° east. Charts 
show 948 to 1,725 islands. Areas given by Philippine Comniission, 119,542 square 
tniles. 

Acres. 

1H74—Vidal— Area— Map— Coclla 71, 989, 385 

Map, llvdrograpiiic Office 73, 345, 415 

Per annual statement 73, 009, 495 

GEO(iR.\PniC ST.\TISTICS. 

Acres. 

1876— .\rea 69, 756, 245 

Citv property 432, 625 

( 'ultivated hind 5, 632, 641 

Uncultivated land 12, 153, 746 

Forest land 51 , 537, 243 

1890— Jordana, area approximated 69, 160, 000 

Area cultivated land 6, 175, 000 

1890— Fernan<lo Castro, forest area 48, 112, 920 

Land occupied by Moros and imlcpendent tribes 24, 700, 000 



60 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

Geographic statistics — Continued . 



Square 
miles. 



Popula- 
tion. 



Popula- 
tion per 
square 
mile. 



Luzon 

Mindanao . .. 

Samar 

Negro.s 

Panay 

Mindoro 

Paragua 

Lcvte 

Ccbu 

Bohol 

Masbate 

Catandvianes 



47,2.38 
36, '237 
5,040 
4,854 
4,708 
3,972 
3,937 
2,713 
1,742 
1,439 
1,290 
680 



3,676,000 



200, 753 
391,777 
734, 889 
1 172, 711 
250,000 
270, 491 
504,000 
248,000 
319,517 
35,633 



40 
80 
156 



15 
100 
290 
172 
14 
52 



1 Includes Marinduque, Lubang, and Ilin. 
- Not including- north Paragua. 
3 Includes Ticao, 940 square miles. 

Islands between 100 and 4,500 square miles 13 

Smaller islands mentioned 58 

Population as given b}' commission 8, 000, 000 

Population per square mile 67 

State of Montana, ricb in agricultural, mining, and timber land, shows by last census 
population of 1 2 per square mile. Philippine Islands have a population per square 
mile forty-five times greater than that of Montana. 



o 



/. 



/ 



i!L 











dr 



f^ .* 




















?'^ 



?^ 



^ 





NO. 17. PINUS INSULARIS, PROVINCE OF BENGUET. 
Tree 4.'S inches in diameter. 




NO. 18. PINUS INSULARIS, PROVINCE OF BENGUET. 
Tree 45 inches in diameter. Near view of No. 17. 



C'^^^|fcV^.^, 







■^.v ..V-; vA"^ 







O _; 



O o 






' \. 



^^ 



'«'!«*» lT^^^> 



^t. .., 



/r, i#. 



L**a^r 







NO. 25. PROVNCE OF TARLAC, LUZON. 




NO. 26. VILLAGE OF NAPINDAN, ON PASIG RIVER, ABOVE MANILA. 




NO. 27. VIEW OF PASIG RIVER. 




NO. 28. CLUMP OF BAMBOO ON PASIG RIVER. 




NO. 29. MANGO TREE, NEAR MANILA. 



JAN 27 1902 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

003 205 472 9 




